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1SectionⅣDiscoveringUsefulStructures——限制性定语从句(1)一、定义1.在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2.关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who引导的定语从句[合作探究]Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinthecaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Dannywasthemanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。[自主发现1]who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。2.whom引导的定语从句[合作探究]Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。2[自主发现2]whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。3.whose引导的定语从句[合作探究]Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。[自主发现3]whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。4.which引导的定语从句[合作探究]Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。[自主发现4]which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。5.that引导的定语从句[合作探究]Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)[自主发现5]that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。[名师提醒](1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。[名师提醒]关系词有两个作用：一、引导定语从句3二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。理解概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。[巩固内化1](1)用适当的关系代词填空①Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?②Thisisthepersonwho/whomyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.③ThegirlwhograduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.④Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.⑤Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.⑥Look，herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.⑦Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?⑧Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.(2)判断正误昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。⑨Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.(F)⑩Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(T)三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1.当先行词为all，little，few，some，none，something，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代词时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。3.先行词被all，every，theonly，thevery，thelast等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。4Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4.当先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。[巩固内化2]补全句子①ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。③Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Theearthquakethat/whichhitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesinthedisaster.3.Haveyoureadthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyAnneFrank?4.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1，000yuan.5.Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.6.Hanyistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher.7.Thewriterandhisworkthatyoutoldmearereallyfamous.8.Allthatweneedisenoughrestafterlonghours’work.9.Anyonewhohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10.Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.Ⅱ.补全句子1.Theearthquakethat/whichhappenedinTangshanin1976shockedthepeopleallovertheworld.发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。52.Sheisoneofthegirlswhohavepassedtheexam.她是通过考试的女孩之一。3.Doyoumeantheonethatyouboughtyesterday?你指的是昨天买的那个吗？4.WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemsthat/whichwerewrittenintheTangDynasty.我们将学习唐朝创作的一些中国诗歌。5.Theteacherissayingsomethingtothestudentwhosemotherdiedintheaccident.老师正在与那位在事故中失去妈妈的学生说着什么。Ⅲ.语法填空SarahJayneisatwenty-year-oldgirlfromtheU.K.AftershereadthebookPayItForward，sherealizedthatourworldwouldbecomeamuch1.(good)placeifeveryonecoulddothreefavors(善意的行为)forothers.Shelostherfather2.theageofeight，soshefeltpityforherfriends’schildrenwhosedaddied3.(recent).Sarahtalkedandplayedwiththechildrentomaketheirmother’slifeeasier.This“success”ledtothesecondfavor，whichwastosetupacounseling(咨询)serviceatherschool4.(help)improvethestudents’mental(心理的)health.Herthirdfavorwasforaneighbor，anoldwomannamedAnnawholost5.(she)eyesight.ItwasAnnathat6.(introduce)thebookPayitForwardtoSarahtwomonthsago.Asshelovedreading，itwas7.realactofkindnesstospendtime8.(read)outloudfortheneighborandkeepinghercompanyeverynight.Sarahsaid，“Icouldn’tbelieveatfirsthowthreesmallfavorscouldmakeabig9.(different).Allthepeople10.werehelpedbymehavepromisedtopayfavorsforward.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一个英国女孩因为读了一本书后做了三个善举，并使得受助者也愿意去帮助别人。1.better[根据该空前的much可知，该空应用形容词的比较级，故填better。]62.at[attheageof表示“在……岁时”。]3.recently[该空应用副词修饰动词，故填recently。]4.tohelp[该空用动词不定式表目的，故填tohelp。]5.her[该空应用形容词性物主代词修饰eyesight。]6.introduced[根据twomonthsago可知，说的是发生在过去的一件事，所以用动词的一般过去时，故填introduced。]7.a[act表示“行为，举动”时为可数名词，此处表示“一个”