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-1-SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar—名词、形容词、副词短语句法功能[新知导引]诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1．(教材P16)Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.2．(教材P16)ThebuildingissobigthatI'mcompletelylost.3．(教材P16)MyfirstFrenchclasswasveryconfusing.4．IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage.5．Itriedtojointheschoolfootballteam,butthecoachtoldmethatIdidn'tplaywellenough.6．(教材P18)Iunderstandquitewellthatyouareanxiousandfeelterrible.[共性呈现]1．所有画线部分都是短语(词组)。2．Thefirstweek,Thebuilding,MyfirstFrenchclass属于名词短语，并作主语。3．alittleconfusing,sobig,completelylost,veryconfusing属于形容词短语，并且作表语；averydifficultlanguage属于名词短语，作表语。4．theschoolfootballteam属于名词短语，作宾语。5．soquickly与wellenough属于副词短语，作状语。[语法精释]一、名词短语(NounPhrases)名词短语：指一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。常见名词短语的构成形式有：限定词＋名词如：thegirl限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词如：abeautifulgirl限定词＋名词＋介词短语如：abeautifulcampusofmyschool限定词＋描述性名词＋名词如：myschoollife①TheyoungladyoverthereismyEnglishteacher.那边的那位年轻女士是我的英语老师。(名词短语Theyounglady的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当主语)②Asastudent,youmustfinishyourhomeworkontime.作为一名学生，你必须按时完成作业。(名词短语yourhomework的构成形式为：限定词-2-＋名词，该短语在句中充当宾语)③Ihavethreeclosefriends.我有三个要好的朋友。(名词短语threeclosefriends的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当宾语)④Heismybestfriend.他是我最好的朋友。(名词短语mybestfriend的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当表语)⑤Therearesomeredrosesonthatsmalltable.在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。(名词短语someredroses的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语，该短语在句中充当主语；thatsmalltable也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语)[即学即练1]写出下列句中的名词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分如：Inmyopinion,dancingisanexcitingartform.构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋名词；作表语(1)Theredclotheswithfiveyellowstarsaremine.构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作主语(2)Theymadehimchairmanofthemeeting.构成形式：名词＋介词短语；作宾补(3)MissLi,ourmathteacher,isveryyoung.构成形式：_限定词＋名词＋名词；作同位语(4)Thefirstyoungmanisabusdriver.Thefirstyoungman是：限定词＋序数词＋形容词＋名词；作主语abusdriver是：限定词＋名词＋名词；作表语二、形容词短语(AdjectivePhrases)形容词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式有：副词＋形容词如：verysuitable形容词＋enough如：goodenough形容词＋介词短语如：goodfornothing副词＋形容词＋介词如：wellworthyofpraise①I'mverygladtoseeyou.我见到你很高兴。(副词＋形容词，作表语)②Yourroomislargeandbeautiful.你的房间大且美丽。(形容词＋and/but＋形容词，该短语在句中充当表语)-3-③ThemostbeautifultouristattractioninChinaisMountHuang.中国最美丽的旅游景点是黄山。(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词touristattraction)④Agoodfriendissomeonewhomakesyoureallyhappy.好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语)⑤Coldandhungry,hestoppedworkingandwenthome.(形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作状语)⑥Thelittleboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(形容词＋副词，该短语在句中充当表语)[即学即练2]写出下列句中的形容词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分如：Itislesscoldtodaythanitwasyesterday.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语(1)IfindEnglishveryhardtolearn.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作宾语补足语(2)Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.构成形式：副词＋and＋副词＋形容词；作表语(3)Theroadislongenough.构成形式：形容词＋副词；作表语(4)Themedicineisgoodforstomach.构成形式：形容词＋介词短语；作表语(5)Helookedveryworried.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语三、副词短语(AdverbPhrases)副词短语：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式为：(副词)＋副词如：muchmorebeautifully①Sheisbynomeanspoor.Infact,heisquiterich.(副词quite修饰形容词rich)②Billdidtheworkverywell.比尔的工作做得很好。(副词very修饰副词well，副词短语verywell修饰动词did)③Weareallentirelyresponsibleforouractions.我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。(副词all修饰副词entirely副词短语allentirely修饰形容词短语responsiblefor)④Luckily,Iwillhaveenoughsparetimetotakepartintheactivity.幸运的是，我将有足够的时间参加活动。(副词Luckily作状语修饰整个句子)-4-[即学即练3]画出下列句中的副词短语(1)Ihavecompletelyforgottenyourbirthday.(2)Finally,Ihavemadeupmymindtojointheclub.(3)Youaredrivingtoofast.Couldyoudrivelessslowly?(4)Strangelyenough,shedidn'tseemtolikeballetverymuch.(5)Thehorseranquiteslowly,sotheyarrivedverylate.答案：(1)completely(2)Finally(3)toofast;lessslowly(4)Strangelyenough;verymuch(5)quiteslowlyverylateⅠ.写出下列加黑词的句法功能1．ThetallestboyinourclassisLiLei.(限定词＋形容词＋名词；作主语)2．ShestudiesEnglishveryhard.(副词＋副词；作状语)3．Tomcarefullywrotesomeletterstohisfriends.(形容词＋名词；作宾语)4．I'dliketogotocoffeeshopthisweekend.(名词＋名词；作宾语)5．Surprisingly,herefusedouroffer.(副词作状语)6．Helookedveryworried.(副词＋形容词；作表语)7．Cornisausefulplantthatcanbeeatenbybothpeopleandanimals.(限定词＋形容词＋名词；作表语)8．John,anoldfriendofmine,comesfromAmerica.(限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作同位语)Ⅱ.写出下列句中的形容词短语在句中所作的成分1．Heisyoungbutclever.(作表语)2．Travelingaloneisquitedangerous.(作表语)3．Itisaneasythingtodo.(作表语)4．Ithinkheisamansuitableforthejob.(作定语)5．Ifindtheyardfairlyquiet.(作宾语补足语)Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Isuggestthatyouthinkaboutitverycarefully(careful)．2．MaryandJanearequitedifferent(difference)．3．Hespoketooquickly(quick)formetounderstand.4．Itreally(real)worksverywell.5．Theygothomeatlast,tired(tire)andhungry.-5-Ⅳ.语法与写作1．Itsoundslikea_good_idea.听起来是个好主意。2．Sheisso_clever_thatwealllikeher.她很聪明，我们都喜欢她。3．It_is_very_important_for_ustoformagoodhabit.对我们来说，养成一个好习惯是很重要的。4．Iam_very_interested_inChineseculture.我对中国文化很感兴趣。5．Atthemoment,Ihavebecome_the_focus_of_the_whole_class.此刻，我已经成为全班的焦点。6．Wewilltryto_make_our_country_more_beautiful.我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。7．Iwishyoua_safe_return.祝你平安归来。8．Iwonthe_first_prize_intheChinesespeechcontest.我获得了汉语演讲比赛的一等奖。9．Iamterribly_sorry_tohaveyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.我非常抱歉让你等这么久。10．Ihavenomoneytobuysuch_an_expensive_giftforher.我没有钱给她买这么贵的礼物。