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中国学习者英语笔语中的词块能力研究许家金中国外语教育研究中心北京外国语大学LexicalChunksinChineseLearners’Writing(WECCL)XuJiajinBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity3InterpretationsContentsHowtoextractchunksinWS4?ComparisonsofchunksChunksOtherareasofcollocation4chunk•词块••Chunk/lexicalbundle/n-gram/multi-wordunit(expression)/formulaicsequence/prefabs•Cluster(词丛)inWordSmith5Whyislexicalchunkimportant?•Breaklanguageintounitsonaprobabilisticbasis•Recurrent•Psychologicallyreal6Whyislexicalchunkimportant?•Form-functioncomposite•Canwebuildtheentireedificeoflanguagesolelyonlexicalchunks?•Ifnot,whatarethebricks&mortaroflanguage?7Lexicalgrammar•Lexico-grammar•Patterngrammar•Constructiongrammar•Collostruction•etc8Researchquestion•ArethereanydifferencesofchunkusebetweenChineselearnersofEnglishandNNS?•Whataresomeofthepossibleunderlyingreasons?9LexicalchunkextractioninWS4•Step01•Clusterin[Concord]:FocusingonindividualwordsWS4中词块的自动提取10LexicalchunkextractioninWS4•Step02Clusterin[WordList]•IndexingcorpusdatabeforecomputingclusterWS4中词块的自动提取11LexicalchunkextractioninWS4•Step03Howtoindexacorpus?•1.[Settings-Index]Firstassignanametothetext(s)tobeindexed•2.[Make/AddtoIndex]Thenindextheselectedtext(s)•.tokensand.typespairWS4中词块的自动提取12•Step04ExtractingclustersinWordList•[WordList-Open]*.tokens•[Compute-Clusters]•[File-Save]/[File-SaveAs]13•2-8wordclusterlist多词词表ofWECCLandLOCNESS•wecclindex2-wordclusters•…•wecclindex6-wordclusters•locnessindex2-wordclusters•…•locnessindex6-wordclusters14•Step05keywordlistgenerationtotestforchunkover-andunder-usesignificance•[Keywordlist]－[New]•Referencecorpus•Chi-squaretest卡方检验•Loglikelihood对数拟然检验•Keynesspvalue≤.0515类似研究•管博、郑树堂，2005，中国大学生英语口语SmallWords的研究，《外语教学与研究》第6期。16Othertoolsforextractinglexicalchunks•KfngramWilliamFletcher√•CollocationExtraction•C-ngram•N-gramPhraseExtractTomCobb’sPage•PIE:PhraseinEnglishFletcher17Aquicksummary•Chunkdefined•HowtoextractchunksfromacorpuswithWS4•Howtocomparechunkswithkeyword•Interpretation18•Abibliographyofchunkresearch•Aspectsofcollocationstudy19!Lexical_JJChunks_NN2in_IIChinese_JJLearners’_NN2Writing_NN1XuJiajinustcxujj@sina.com