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-1-SectionⅣUsingLanguage从三个选项中选择最佳选项1.Whattooktheirtimeandenergy?A．Findingfood.B．Keepingalive.C．Findinghelp.2.Whichkindoffuelcantheyuse?A．Trees.B．Coal.C．Sealfat.3.Whymusttheypayspecialattentiontotheireyes?A．Becausethetemperaturewaschangeable.B．Becauseitcouldfreezequickly.C．Becauseitmightbehurtbytheraysfromthesun.【答案】1～3BCC判断正(T)误(F)1.WhenShackletonleft,thewriterfeltdiscouragedandthencheerful.()2.Itwaseasyforthemtogetfreshwater.()3.Asachef,hefeltitisnoteasytovarythemeals.()【答案】1～3TFTdelayvt.&vi.耽搁；延迟n.耽搁；延迟(教材P9)．..thefearthatwemightneverknowtheirfateandpossibledelays,atfirstmadeusfeellowanddiscouraged.……无从知晓他们的命运以及可能出现的耽搁的恐惧，起初使我们感到沮丧和低迷。Wedecidedtodelayourweddinguntilnextyear.我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年。Theweatherisresponsibleforthedelay.-2-由于天气原因才耽搁了。①delay(doing)sth.推迟(干)某事②withoutdelay毫不延迟地；迅速地adelayindoingsth.耽误做某事Hedelayedtellingherthenews，waitingfortherightmoment.他没有立刻把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说。JowrathfullyproposedthatMr.Davisbearrestedwithoutdelay.乔怒气冲冲地提议，应当把戴维斯先生毫不迟延地逮起来。[名师点津]delay后面不能跟不定式，只能跟动名词作宾语，类似的动词还有：avoid,admit,advise,enjoy,finish,forbid,give,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,suggest等。完成句子①Thetrain____________________(延误了一个小时)bytheaccident.②Iarrivedthere________________________(毫无耽搁)．③Theydecidedto_______________________(推迟出国)．【答案】①wasdelayedanhour②withoutdelay③delaygoingabroaddiscouragevt.使……气馁；劝阻，阻止IwasneverdiscouragedagainstlearningEnglish.我从未对学习英语失去信心。Heiseasilydiscouragedbydifficultiesandobstacles.他遇到困难和阻碍就容易泄气。①discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事②discouragedadj.沮丧的；灰心丧气的be/getdiscouraged变得灰心，泄气③discouragementn.灰心；丧气④discouragingadj.令人泄气的；令人沮丧的Hisparentsdiscouragedhimfromjoiningtheforce.他的父母劝他不要参军。Iwasmoredisappointedthandiscouraged.我是失望，而不是泄气。-3-完成句子①Ifyoumeetwithanydifficultyinyourstudy，____________(不要灰心)．②He________________(听起来感到沮丧)bythelackofprogressintalks.③Wetriedto________________(阻止他不要去爬山)withoutaguide.【答案】①don'tbediscouraged②soundeddiscouraged③discouragehimfromclimbingthemountaingraspvt.抓住；抓紧；掌握n.抓住，把握；理解；领会(教材P9)．..wehadtogatherfreshwaterbygraspingandthenmeltingseaice.我们不得不通过捞一些浮冰然后再融化来得到一些淡水。Igraspedthemainpointofthespeech.我领会了这篇演讲的要点。①graspatsth.尽力抓住某物graspachance/anopportunity抓住机会②haveagraspof掌握/精通……beyondone'sgrasp超乎某人的理解力withinone'sgrasp在某人的掌握下Shegraspedathiscoatasherushedpasther.他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲抓住了他的上衣。ShehasagoodgraspoftheEnglishlanguage.她精通英语。Successwaswithinhergrasp.她有把握获得成功。翻译句子①你最好抓住这一机会。_______________________________________________________________②她始终不明白该怎样去做。_______________________________________________________________③她对该学科有深刻的了解。_______________________________________________________________【答案】①You'dbettergrasptheopportunity.②Shecouldnevergrasphowtodoit.③Shehasagoodgraspofthesubject.-4-(教材P9)WithnotreesgrowingonAntarcticaandnooil,theonlyfuelwecouldusewassealfat.南极大陆不长树，也没有油料，唯一可供我们用作燃料的便是海豹的油脂。【句式分析】句中使用了“with＋名词＋现在分词”结构，在句中作状语，表示原因。Hefellasleepwithhisradiostillworking.他睡着了，收音机还在响。Withyoustandinghere,wecan'tfixourattentiononthejob.由于你站在这儿，我们不能专心地工作。with复合结构还有以下用法：①with＋名词＋介词短语。在句中可作状语，也可用作后置定语。②with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。其中过去分词表被动或完成了的动作。③with＋名词/代词＋不定式。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。④with＋名词/代词＋形容词。Thewoodcutterwasstandingnexttoafallentree，withlotsofsmallpiecesofwoodinfrontofhim.伐木工人站在一棵砍倒的树旁，前面有许多碎木片。(伴随状语)Tomstoodforamomentwithhishandstillraised.汤姆举着手站了一会儿。(伴随状语)Withsomuchworktodo,wecan'tkillanytimebyplayingcards.由于有这么多工作要做，我们不能通过打牌来消磨时间。(原因状语)Thegirlenteredtheroomwithhereyesfulloftears.这女孩走进屋里，眼泪汪汪。(伴随状语)完成句子①他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。Helikestosleep________________________.②那位抱着婴儿的妇女是我的妻子。Thewoman___________________________ismywife.③问题解决了，我们都感到高兴。_______________________________________________________________,weallfelthappy.④在老师的帮助下，我们会取得更大的进步。_______________________________________________________________,wewillmakegreaterprogress.-5-【答案】①withthewindowopen②withababyinherarms③Withtheproblemsettled④Withtheteachertohelpus(教材P9)Asachef,itwasmydutytocleanandcooktheseanimals,soIwassoonbeingencouragedtovarythemealsinwhateverwayIcould.作为厨师，我的责任就是把这些动物清洗干净并做成熟肉，没过多久他们就不断地鼓动我想方设法变化伙食的花样。【句式分析】这是一个复合句，so连接前后两个并列分句。前面分句中使用了itis＋n.＋todo的结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。Itisourdutytoobeythelaws.遵守法律是我们的义务。Itwasnothiswaytoadmitthathehadmadeamistake.承认自己犯了错误可不是他一贯的作风。完成句子①_____________________(是我们的责任)tohelpthedisabled.②____________________________(是她的习惯)toriseearly.【答案】①Itisourduty②Itishercustombeparticularabout对……挑剔；吹毛求疵(教材P9)Wehadtobeveryparticularaboutourpersonalcarebecauseachangeabletemperaturecouldharmus.我们不得不特别注意自己照顾自己，因为变化的气温可能会伤害到我们。Sheissoparticularaboutherhouseworkthatservantswillnotworkforher.她对家务活太挑剔了，以至于佣人们不愿给她干活。She'sveryparticularaboutwhatshewears.她对衣着很讲究。inparticular尤其；特别particularlyadv.特别地；显著地Thewholemealwasgoodbutthewineinparticularwasexcellent.整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。Thehouseitselfisnotparticularlytomymind,butIlikeitsenvironment.这房子本身并不特别合我的心意，但我喜欢它周围的环境。完成句子①Mr.Smithisknownfor__________________(极端挑剔)．-6-②Wemust________________________(特别关注这一点)．【答案】①beingveryparticular②payparticularattentiontothispoint记叙文写作[写作指导]记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它分为记人和记事两种。记叙文的几个要点为：1．时间、地点、人物、事件，这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。2．人称：记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式：第一人