-1-SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguagesacrificen.牺牲;献身;祭品(教材P16)Shakespearewroteaboutsuchthingsasgoodandevil,loveandhate,greedandsacrifice.莎士比亚写了很多像善良的和邪恶的、爱和恨、贪婪和牺牲的东西。Hegavehislifeasasacrificeforhiscountry.他为国牺牲了。Acalfwasofferedupasasacrificetothegoddess.向女神祭献了一头小牛。①makeasacrifice做出牺牲;亏本②sacrificevt.牺牲;亏本出售;供奉sacrificetosb.对……做出牺牲sacrificefor...为……而牺牲sacrificesth.tosb.牺牲某事物③sacrificialadj.牺牲的;祭祀的Itendtosacrificemyowninterestforthegroupbenefit.我倾向于牺牲自己的爱好而成全集体利益。Well,madam,we'llmakeasacrifice.好,太太,我们亏本卖给你好了。完成句子①他愿意为和平做出任何牺牲。Hewaswillingtomakeany________forpeace.②为了孩子们的安全,舍弃她丈夫的尊严不算什么。Herhusband'spridewasasmallthingto________fortheirchildren'ssecurity.③在古时候这种祭祀仪式已经戏剧化了。Inancienttimes,thiskindof________ceremonywasalreadydramatized.【答案】①sacrifice②sacrifice③sacrificialmakeaname出名(教材P16)Quicklymakinganameforhimselfasbothactoranddramatist,Shakespearesoonearnedenoughmoneytobuyhisowntheatre.-2-莎士比亚很快作为演员和剧作家出名了,不久就赚了足够的钱买了自己的剧院。Shefirstmadeanameforherselfasanactress.她最初是以当演员而成名的。Shewishestomakeanameforherself.她想出名。makeanameforoneself=makeone'sname成名;出名putanametosb./sth.知道或记住innameonly表面上;名义上callone'snames骂人underthenameof用……的名字He'spartyleaderinnameonly.他只是名义上的政党领袖。ShecametoNewYorkandsoonmadehernameasafashionexpert.她来到纽约并很快以时装专家出名。It'sdifficulttoputanametoeverynewstudentinthisclass.记住班里每个新生的名字是很困难的。完成句子①我以前听过那曲调,但说不出名字了。I'veheardthattunebeforebutIcan't________it.②她只是个挂名的律师;她整天画画。Sheisalawyer____________;shepaintsallday.③他以音乐会的钢琴演奏家成名。He____________forhimselfasaconcertpianist.【答案】①putanameto②innameonly③madeanameallergicadj.过敏的;非常讨厌的(教材P16)Hewasallergictocatfurandstartedsneezingwhenshebroughtherpetintotheroom.他对猫毛过敏,当她把她的宠物带进房间他就开始打喷嚏。IlikecatsbutunfortunatelyI'mallergictothem.我很喜欢猫,但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。beallergicto对……敏感/厌烦Youcouldseehewasallergictohousework.-3-你可以看出他很讨厌做家务。Areyouallergictoanymedications?你对什么药物过敏吗?完成句子①他讨厌别人给他照相。He________________havinghispicturetaken.②她问我是否对什么过敏。SheaskedmeifI________________anything.【答案】①isallergicto②wasallergictoconfirmvt.确定(教材P16)Oncetheflightisconfirmed,youcanpayforit.一旦航班确定了,你就能付钱了。Helookedaroundtoconfirmthathewasalone.他四处张望,要确定周围没人。Doyourequireadeposittoconfirmareservation?确定预定的旅馆房间要不要付定金?①confirmone'sbelief坚定信念confirmthat/whclause确定Ithasbeenconfirmedthat...……已经确定confirmsb.as/insth.批准;巩固(权力,地位等)②confirmationn.确认;证实③confirmedadj.习惯的;根深蒂固的Hewasconfirmedascaptainfortherestoftheseason.他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。Thepriceissubjecttoourconfirmation.价格经我们确认后有效。【提示】confirm的主语多为人,宾语可以是名词、代词或从句,也可以用as短语充当补足语。用confirm的正确形式填空①Travelarrangementsaresubjectto________byStateTouristOrganizations.②I'ma________bachelor.③TheKing________thattheelectionwouldbeheldonJuly20th.-4-【答案】①confirmation②confirmed③confirmedvacantadj.空的;空缺的(教材P16)Thehousehadbeenvacantforalongtimeandsoitwasverydusty.房子已经空了很长时间了,因此满是灰尘。Therearesomevacantofficesonthethirdfloor.四楼有几间空着的办公室。vacant/empty/hollowvacant意思是“闲着的,无人占据的”,着重指临时性的情况,如:vacantseat,vacantapartment,vacantposition等。empty意思是“里面没有东西,一无所有”,具有“空无一物”的隐含意义,它可以用来描绘box,vessel,cupboard,bag,purse,room,house,street,stomach,head等词。hollow意思是“空心的”、“中空的”、“空洞的”、“下陷的”,它常与tree,ball,cheeks,voice,sound,words,promise等词连用,由此可见,它既可用以指实物的“中空”,亦可指words,promise,compliments的“虚假”,用于后者场合是比喻意义。Thistrunkisemptyofitscontents.这只箱子空空如也。Wehavenovacantpositionhere.我们这里没有空职。Thisisahollowtree.这是一棵中空的树。选词填空:vacant,empty,hollow①Idon'tliketohearhis________words.②A________seatwasfoundinthiscompartment.③Atmidnighteventhebusieststreetis________.【答案】①hollow②vacant③empty状语一、状语的结构分类可用作状语的有副词、形容词、名词、介词短语、数词、分词、从句等。1.副词作状语,位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中和句末。-5-Naturally,weexpecthotelgueststolocktheirdoors.当然,我们期望旅馆的客人把房门锁上。Thegirlisremarkablybeautiful.这个姑娘非常美丽。2.形容词(短语)作状语Toourrelief,hecameback,safeandsound.使我们感到宽慰的是,他安然无恙地回来了。Afraidofdogs,hedarednotenterthegate.由于害怕狗,他不敢进大门。3.名词作状语Wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.我们必须全心全意为人民服务。4.介词短语作状语Forthemomenthe'soutofwork.他目前没有工作。Attheendofthefilm,Iwasintears.看到影片末尾时,我流泪了。5.数词作状语Shewalkedtwentymilesyesterday.她昨天走了20英里路程。6.不定式作状语Helivesinthecountrysidetokeepawayfromnoise.为了避开噪音,他住在乡下。Hehurriedtotheairportonlytofindtheplanehadtakenoff.他匆忙赶到机场,结果发现飞机已经起飞了。7.现在分词(短语)作状语Havingfinishedthe100meterrace,hewasoutofbreath.百米赛跑结束后,他上气不接下气。8.过去分词(短语)作状语Comparedwithmanywomen,shewasveryfortunate.和许多女人相比,她是很幸运的。Givenanotherfiveminutes,Icanhaveyourphotosdeveloped.再给我五分钟,我就可以给你洗出照片来。9.从句作状语-6-状语从句的类型常见连接词时间状语从句when,while,as,since,before,after,assoonas,once,until/till,hardly...when,nosooner...than...,themoment(time,minute)地点状语从句where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere结果状语从句so/suchthat,so/such...that...原因状语从句because,since,as,nowthat条件状语从句if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat,once,incase让步状语从句though/although,evenif/though,however(whatever,whenever...),nomatterhow(what,when...)while,when目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat方式状语从句asif/though,(just)as比较状语从句as/so...as,notso...as,the+比较级...the+比较级Youcan'tgooutunlessyouhandinyourpaper.不交试卷不准出考场。Shelookedsoupsetasifshehadknownthebadnews.她看起来很难过,似乎知道了这个坏消息。二、状语的功能分类按照状语的用途,可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件等。1.时间状语Aftertakingdownmynameandaddress,heaskedmealotofquestions.把我的名字和地址记下之后,他还问了我许多问题。2.地点状语SitwhereIcanseey