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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——定语及定语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①Ithoughtthisvastwaveoffoodwasthetotalnumberofdishestobeserved.②Everyoneelsejusttastedabitofeachdishandthenputtheirchopsticksdown，continuingtochat.③IstillrememberwhatIate：atunafishandcheesesandwich.④Doyouknowthegirlsingingoverthere？⑤Heisalwaysthefirstpersontoleavetheoffice.⑥OneeveninghewasentertainingtherulerofasmallislandinthePacific.⑦However，thereareotherkindsoffoodsthathavetakenlongerformetoaccept.⑧ButonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerinwhichBritishpeopleeat，evenifitisjustapotato.⑨Asweallknow，PutinwaselectedPresidentofRussiaathirdtime.⑩Thesunheatstheearth，whichisveryimportanttous.1.句①～⑥中黑体部分在句中均作定语。句①③中黑体部分在句中均作前置定语。句②、④、⑤、⑥中黑体部分在句中均作后置定语。2.句⑦～⑩中，黑体部分均为定语从句；其中句⑨⑩的黑体部分为非限制性定语从句。考点一定语1．单词作定语的位置英语中单的形容词、数词、代词、普通格名词、分词、动名词和所有格等作定语(attribute)时，通常放在被修饰的词之前。astonebuilding一座石头砌的建筑物fadedflowers枯萎的花boilingwater开着的水boiledwater开水agonecase不可挽救的事John'shouse约翰的房子-2-therisensun升起的太阳thechangedworld已经变化了的世界thechangingworld正在变化中的世界2．短语作定语的位置英语中的分词短语(participialphrase)、不定式短语(infinitivephrase)、介词短语(prepositionalphrase)、形容词短语(adjectivephrase)和长度短语(lengthphrase)等，通常放在所修饰的词之后。HehadmadeathoroughstudyofallthedialectsspokeninScotland.他对苏格兰所有的方言都做了透彻的研究。Thewomanholdingababyinherarmsiswaitingtoseethedoctor.那个抱着婴儿的妇女正等着医生看病。Itwasaboltfromtheblue.这真是个晴天霹雳。Onthetopofthehillthereisapagodaaboutahundredfeethigh.在山顶上有一座十丈高的宝塔。Thismaynotbethebestbooktostartwith.一开始就读这本书不一定最合适。3．多个单词作定语的排列次序英语中两个或两个以上的单词作定语放在中心词前共同修饰一个名词，其基本次序是由小范围到大范围，由次要意义到主要意义，由程度弱到程度强，由一般到专有。意思越具体，物质性越强，就越接近名词。限定词＋数量词(序数词在前，基数词在后)＋描绘词＋大小、长短、高低等形体＋新旧＋颜色＋国籍＋材料＋名词theadvancedforeignexperience外国的先进经验theancientChinesewriter中国古代的作家thethreeJapanesecities三座日本城市asmallroundwoodentable一张木头小圆桌ayoungAmericanartist一位年轻的美国艺术家anicelittleoldblackJapaneseleatherbag一个小的漂亮的黑色的日本旧皮包alonelywhitesail一面白色孤帆aroundchalkwhiteface灰白的圆脸ahighsteepmountain陡峭的高山anicelongnewblackBritishplasticpen-3-一支好看的长长的崭新的黑色的英国塑料钢笔[即时演练1]画出下列句子中的定语部分①You'rearealfoolifyoubelieveit.②TheyplayedanimportantfootballmatchagainstLiverpoollastSunday.③Myhairneedscutting.④There'sonlyonewaytosolveit．⑤Thetworoomsupstairsaremysister'sbedrooms.考点二定语从句Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天看见的那个人。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。考点三定语从句需注意的几个问题1．只用关系代词that不用which的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词所修饰时Allthathewantstodonowistoliedownandrest.他现在想做的事情就是躺下休息。(2)当先行词有theonly，thevery，justthe修饰时ThisistheverypersonthatI'mwaitingfor.这正是我要等的人。(3)当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时或本身是序数词或最高级时ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。(4)先行词既有人又有物时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?-4-你知道他们正谈论的那些人和事吗？(5)在who和which引导的特殊疑问句中Whichisthepenthatyoulost?哪支钢笔是你丢的呢？(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词又在从句中作表语时Myhometownisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.我的家乡不再是过去的样子了。2．只用which不用that的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中只用which。(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，但在固定搭配中，不能把介词提前。Thisisthefactoryinwhichheonceworked.这是他曾经工作过的工厂。Thismachine，whichIhavelookedafterfortwentyyears，isstillworkingperfectly.这部机器，我保养了二十年，仍然运转得非常好。3．as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句的区别as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末，which引导的定语从句一般只位于句末；as引导的定语从句常与know，see，report，say，expect，announce等动词连用，并且as在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，可修饰先行词such或thesame所修饰的名词；which引导这类定语从句时常作实义动词的主语。当引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或因果关系时，一般用which。Asweallknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。Tomdidnotpasstheexam，whichmadehismotherveryangry.汤姆没有通过考试，这令他的妈妈很生气。[即时演练2]单句语法填空①Themeetingwasputoff，whichwasexactlywhatwehadexpected.②I'dliketoknowthereasonthat/whichheexplained.③I'llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.④ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.⑤Hepassedtheexam，aswehadexpected.Ⅰ.单句语法填空-5-1．Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewelleducated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.2．Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.3．ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.4．I'llneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedinBeijing.5．I'llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentwithyou.6．Doyoustillrememberthefarmwhich/thatwevisitedthreemonthsago?7．—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Yes，justtheonewhereIusedtoworkfortwentyyears.8．Jimpassedthedrivingtest，whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.9．Isthisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?10．Theorganizationwasfoundedbythetwoboys，whoseparentsarebothinvestors.Ⅱ.完成句子1．秋天有很多落叶。Therearelotsoffallenleavesinautumn.2．我有很多信要写。Ihavemanyletterstowrite．3．树下那个男孩是我的弟弟。Theboyunderthetreeismybrother.4．早晨升起的太阳比中午的太阳看起来更大些。Therisingsunintheearlymorninglooksbiggerthantheoneatnoon.5．明天举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingtobeheld/whichwillbeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.