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-1-SectionⅢIntegratingSkills&Grammarprotect...from...保护……免受……(教材P36)Inthe7thand6thcenturiesBC,individualsectionswerebuiltbydifferentstatesinordertoprotectthemselvesfromwarriortribesfromthenorth.在公元前第七和第六世纪，个别部分是由不同的国家为了保护自己免受北方的武士部落侵害而建的。Heraisedhisarmtoprotecthisfacefromtheblow.他抬起手臂保护脸免受打击。protectsb./sth.against＝fromsb./sth.保护……免遭……Thisspecialcreamwillprotectyourskinfrom/againsttheburningsun.这种独特的乳霜可以保护皮肤免受烈日的伤害。完成句子①你们应该保护孩子不让其受冻。Youshould________________thecold.②戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。Wearingdarkglassescan____________thesun.【答案】①protectthechildrenfrom/against②protectyoureyesfrom/againstsetoff出发；引发(教材P36)WhenMengJiangnüdidnotgetanynewsfromherhusband,shesetofftovisithim.当孟姜女得不到丈夫的任何消息时，她便动身去拜访他。Thefouryearolddogsetoffracingafterthesheepacrossseveralfieldsand，beingacityanimal，lostbothhersheepandhersenseofdirection.这只四岁的狗开始跨越好几个牧场去追那只绵羊，结果因为它是城市里长大的动物，既没有追上绵羊自己还迷路了。Dobecarefulwiththesefireworks,theslightestsparkcouldsetthemoff.这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。setup开办；建立；设立-2-setout动身；开始；setdown记下；登记；放下setback(把钟等)往回拨；推迟setaside挑出；不顾；取消setapart使分离；使显得突出setabout(doing)sth.开始干……Itisnowouraimtosetupafactory.我们现在的目的是创办一座工厂。Afterseveraldelays,hefinallysetoutat8o'clock.几经耽搁，他终于在八点钟出发了。Hesetasidealittlemoneyeachweek.他每周都留出一些钱备用。完成句子①我们现在动身去爬山。Wenow____________thehill.②他们在海滨附近搭起了一个帐篷。They____________neartheseashore.③她把书放在一旁，点了一支香烟。She____________andlitacigarette.④他在十岁时开始学中文。He____________Chineseattheageoften.【答案】①setouttoclimb②setupatent③setasideherbook④setaboutlearning/setouttolearn(教材P36)On_arriving_there,_shediscoveredthatherhusbandhaddied.到了那里，她发现她的丈夫已经死了。【要点提炼】介词on/upon作“在……时；一……就……”讲时，后跟v.ing或名词形式，相当于assoonas引导的状语从句。Onseeingthesnake,thegirlwasveryfrightened.＝Assoonasthegirlsawthesnake,shewasveryfrightened.一看到那条蛇，这个女孩就十分害怕。On/Uponourarrivalhome,wewerewarmlygreetedbyourparents.＝Assoonaswearrivedhome,wewerewarmlygreetedbyourparents.一到家，我们就受到了父母的热烈欢迎。-3-英语中，表示“一……就……”的句型或结构还有：①用作特殊连词的名词短语“themoment/theinstant/theminute/thesecond＋从句＋主句”。②用作特殊连词的副词“immediately/instantly/directly＋从句＋主句”。③结构nosooner...than和hardly/scarcely...when。nosooner或hardly/scarcely放句首时，句子用部分倒装形式Westartedthemomentwegotyourletter.我们一收到你的信就动身了。I'llgoandhelpyouimmediatelyIhavefinishedthetask.我一完成这个任务就去帮助你。HardlyhadIsatdownwhentheteachercamein.我一坐下老师就进来了。翻译句子①TheverymomentIsawyouIknewyouwereangrywithme._________________________________________________________________②DirectlyIhavehadmybreakfastIwillcometotheoffice._________________________________________________________________③Nosoonerhadtheyreachedtheschoolthanitbegantorain._________________________________________________________________【答案】①我一看见你，就知道你在生我的气。②我一吃完早餐就去办公室。③他们一到学校天就开始下雨了。collapsev．倒塌；崩溃n．倒塌，崩溃(教材P36)ShecriedsolongandsoloudlythatshecausedpartoftheGreatWalltocollapse.她长时间的号啕大哭致使长城部分倒塌。Havingbeenneglectedforyears,thehousecollapsed.这所房子因年久失修而倒塌了。Theirprojectcollapsedforlackofmoney.他们的计划因缺钱而宣告失败。翻译句子①大洪水造成了桥的倒塌。-4-_________________________________________________________________②他的身体因工作过度而垮掉了。_________________________________________________________________【答案】①Aheavyfloodcausedthecollapseofthebridge.②Hishealthcollapsedbecauseofoverwork.am/is/are/been/go/gone/how/of/thatam/is/are→be动词1．助动词和行为动词的其他形式一起构成进行时态或被动语态。Thestudentsareplantingtreesinthegarden.学生们正在花园里植树。2．作连系动词用。(1)表性质、状态，意为“是……的”。Wearehappyandhealthy.我们幸福健康。(2)表类似或同一关系，意为“是，就是，为”。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。(3)表等价关系，意为“等于”。Thisoneis20pounds.这个值20英镑。(4)表示存在，意为“在，发生”。Heisaway.他不在家。3．be动词可作存在动词用，相当于exist，live。Thereisaredhouseinthedistance.远处有一座红房子。4．be＋todo可表示将来、安排、义务、职责、意图、允许、命令、可能性等。Whenareyoutohandinyourplan?你们什么时候交计划？5．bedoing可表将来。I'mstartingrightnow.我马上动身。6．“beof＋抽象名词”表属性。ThebookisofgreathelptoEnglishlearners.这本书对英语学习者很有帮助。been-5-have/hasbeen到过/have/hasgone去了(某地)未回MybrotherhasbeentoBeijingseveraltimes.我弟弟去过北京好几次了。havebeendoing现在完成进行时hadbeendoing过去完成进行时havebeendone现在完成时的被动语态hadbeendone过去完成时的被动语态IhavebeenlearningEnglishforfiveyears.我已经学了五年英文了。HehadbeenwaitingforyoualongtimewhenImethim.我遇见他的时候，他已经等你很久了。go1．走，去Hegoestoworkbybuseveryday.他每天坐公交车去上班。2．移动，行走Wehadgoneaboutfiftymileswhenthecarbrokedown.我们行驶了大约50英里，汽车突然抛锚了。3．godoing表示在移动中做某事Shewentsobbingupthestairs.她呜咽着上楼去了。4．goonsth.去做某事goonatrip/goonleave去旅行/去休假5．goforsth.去参加，去从事(某项活动或运动)goforaswim/awalk去游泳/去散步6．go＋adj.变得gomad/blind疯了/瞎了gone1．go的过去分词HehasgonetoWuhan.他去武汉了。(人不在此地)2．adj.(表语形容词)用完，用光了Thecoffeeisallgone.咖啡都喝光了。3．adj.走了，离开了TomwasgonebeforeIarrived.-6-我来之前汤姆就走了。4．adj.不复存在Thedaysaregonewhenyouwanttogetwithoutworking.不劳而获的日子一去不复返了。5．prep.晚于；已过It'sgonesixo'clockalready.过了六点了。how1．adv.怎么样，如何(引导特殊疑问句)Howdoesitwork?它是如何工作的？2．(引导名词性从句)怎样I'llshowyouhowtoloadthesoftware.我将给你演示一下如何装入这套软件。3．(询问健康状况)怎么样Howareyoufeelingnow?你现在感觉怎么样？4．(后接形容词或副词)多少，多么，多大等Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?你多长时间看望父母一次？Howmanypeoplewerealiveinthataccident?有多少人在事故中生还？5．以任何方式，无论用什么方法等同于however。I'lldresshowIlikeinmyownhouse.我在自己家里爱怎么穿就怎么穿。6．howabout(征求意见)怎么样，如何习惯搭配：Howcan/couldyou！你怎么能这样！(表吃惊或不赞同)Howcome？为什么？怎么会？Howdoyoudo！你好！(初次见面语)How'sthat？那是怎么回事？ofprep.1．表空间或时间的距离WearetwentymilesshortofParis.-7-我们要抵达巴黎须再走二十英里。2．表“位置或方向”常接在east