2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Science and nature Section

-1-Unit3ScienceandnatureTheECapprovesthesaleofclonedyoungintothefoodchain克隆动物早已不再“犹抱琵琶半遮面”。为了保护克隆的福利，欧盟委员会这次走得更远……TheEuropeanCommissionhaspublishedareportapprovingtherightofmemberstatestosellclonedanimals'youngandtheirproductsintothefoodchain.Thecommissionsaidabanwouldnotbeproperintermsofprotectinganimals'welfareandpublichealth.Itaddedthataclonetraceablesystemwouldbeneeded，becausefoodfromtheclones'young“cannotbedistinguishedfromfoodfromotheranimals”．ThemovecouldcauseabigchangefortheFoodStandardsAgency(FSA)whichatpresentforbidsthesaleoffoodfromtheclones'youngwithoutalicense.StevenInnes，afarmer，wasfoundtohavedonesolastyearandwaspunished.Withthecommission'sproposal，Mr.Inneswouldn'thavebeenpunished.IndeedallfarmersintheUKwouldbeabletobuymaterialsfromclonesandselltheirproductsintothefoodchain.GeorgeLyonsaid，“It'sclearthattheFSAisoutoflinewiththerestofthememberstatesinhowitexplainsthepresentrulesand，ofcourse，underthesenewrules，itstillisoutofline.Sohopefullytheywillcometotheirsensesandseetheydohavetomoveonthissubject.”[阅读障碍词]1．approvev．同意，批准2．clonevt.克隆3．foodchainn.食物链4．traceableadj.可追踪的5．outofline(withsb./sth.)与……不同/不一致6．presentadj.目前的，现在的[诱思导读]阅读短文，回答下列问题。-2-1．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?[答案]ThesaleofclonedyounghasbeenmadelegalbytheEC.2．Whyisabanonsellingclonedanimalsnotsuitableforthepresentsituation?[答案]Consideringclonedanimalshaveappeared,thereisapossibilitythatpeoplesellthemandgetfoodfromthem.Ifthereisaban,somepeoplemaysellthemillegallyandthenit'slikelytopreventanimals'welfareandpublichealth.SectionⅠReading(Ⅰ)(Welcometotheunit&Reading)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.tissueA．n.忧虑，焦虑，不安()2.intentionB．vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)n.收获；收成()3.anxietyC．n.医师；内科医生()4.adoptD．n.(生物的)组织；纸巾()5.physicianE．vt.使改变外观或性质；使改变形态()6.consequenceF．n.意图，目的；企图()7.harvestG．n.结果，后果()8.transformH．vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳[答案]1－4DFAH5－8CGBEⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A．戏弄，摆弄B．义无反顾地进行C．供出售D．一般而言E．导致；造成F．全神贯注于()1.Iwishyou'dconcentrateonwhatI'msaying.()2.Therewasacameraforsaleinthewindow.()3.Ingeneral，employersdolittletohelpthesingleworkingmother.()4.Youshouldn'ttoywithgreatissues.()5.ThegovernmentofChinaintendstopushaheadwithitsspaceproject.()6.Thispolicyhasledtoadramaticincreaseinourprisonpopulation.[答案]1－6FCDABE-3-TheperfectcopyScientistshaveannouncedthattheyhavecloned(克隆)thefirsthumanembryo(胚胎)①.Thishascausedmuchdebateroundtheworld.Ontheonehand，somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluablehumantissues－suchasboneorlungtissue(组织)－thatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives②.Ontheotherhand，manypeople，includingsomescientists③，disagreeandareafraidthat,ifmankindtoyswith(戏弄)natureinthisway，wemaybeonourwaytoproducingareal­life(现实生活中的)Frankenstein'smonster(怪物)．完美的复制品科学家宣布他们已经克隆出了第一例人类胚胎。这引起了世界范围的争论。一方面，一些科学家指出如果克隆人类胚胎，你就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯救人类的生命。另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的许多人持不同意见，他们担心人类如果如此戏弄自然，可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。[助读讲解]①that引导宾语从句，作announced的宾语。②第一个that引导宾语从句，而在宾语从句中又含有if引导的条件状语从句。第二个that引导定语从句，修饰valuablehumantissues。③介词短语includingsomescientists＝somescientistsincluded。Cloningisproducinganexact(精确的)copyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.Thefirstmammal(哺乳动物)tobeclonedsuccessfully④fromanadultcell(细胞)wasDollythesheep.Shewasbornin1996anddiedinearly2003,atamuchyoungeragethannormal.Whenshewasborn,manypeoplewereworriedthatcloningwouldleadtomorediseasesintheanimalworld.However,ingeneralthescientistswerepraisedfortheirwonderfulscientificadvance.克隆就是利用动物或植物的细胞制造出一个一模一样的动物或植物的复制品。第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。她出生在1996年，但2003年初就死掉了，比正常情况下羊的寿命要短得多。在她出生时，很多人担心克隆会给动物世界带来更多疾病。然而，总体上来说，科学家们还是因为其突出的科学进步而得到了人们的称赞。[助读讲解]④thefirst＋n.＋todo...表示“第一个/批做……的人/物”。如果名词前有thefirst/second或next等表示次序的词修饰，则常用不定式作其后置定语。IanWilmut,theScottish(苏格兰的)scientistwhocreatedDolly⑤，isshockedthatsomescientistsarenowconsideringcloninghumanbeings.Althoughheresearches-4-cloning⑥，hisintention(目的)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.Instead，hethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrateoncreatingnewtissuesandorgansthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer⑦.However,somepeoplebelievethatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.创造出多利羊的苏格兰科学家伊恩·威尔莫特在得知有些科学家正在考虑克隆人的消息后感到非常震惊。尽管伊恩·威尔莫特研究克隆，但他的目的根本不是要制造人类的复制品。相反，他认为研究精力应该集中在创造新的、可用于治疗像癌症这样的疾病的组织和器官上。但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。[助读讲解]⑤who引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。⑥although引导让步状语从句。⑦that引导定语从句，修饰先行词newtissuesandorgans。Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotofanxiety(忧虑)，itisgoodnewsforFayeWilson,a41­year­oldsaleswoman(女销售员)whocannothaveababy.⑧‘Iamanxioustohaveachildofmyown，’shesays.‘Idon'twanttoadopt(领养)someoneelse'schild－ifIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow⑨.’尽管克隆人类正在引起很多担忧，但是这对于不能生育的41岁的女售货员费伊·威尔逊来说却是个好消息。“我现在渴望有个自己的孩子，”她说，“我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。”[助读讲解]⑧eventhough引导让步状语从句；a41­year­oldsaleswoman是FayeWilson的同位语，who引导定语从句。⑨这里if引导非真实条件句，从句为虚拟语气，表现与现在事实相反的情况。Whilecloninghumanembryosisnotlegal(合法的)inmanycountriesB10,somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwith(努力推进)researchinordertoproduceaclonedhumanbaby.SeverinoAntinori,anItalianphysician(内科医生),hasdeclaredthathewantstobethefirsttocloneahumanbeing.InChina,scientistshavefocusedtheireffortsoncloninganimals,aswellasclone