2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Science and nature Section

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-1-SectionⅡLanguagepoints(Ⅰ)(Welcometotheunit&Reading)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示,写出下列单词。1.Hecan'tgraspthebasicconcepts(概念)ofmathematics.2.Havingbeenmarriedforyearswithoutachild,myuncleandauntareconsideringadopting(收养)anorphan.3.Hehasconsultedthephysician(内科医生)abouthishealth.4.Thequietgirlhascometolifesinceshebeganworkingasasaleswoman(女售货员).5.Everycell(细胞)inananimal'sbodycontainsallitsgeneticinformation,butscientistsholdthattheyallhaveaspecialrole.6.Ifyouwanttoknowtheexactmeaningofthisword,lookitupinthedictionary.7.Manycagedbirdslivelongerthantheirfellowsinthewild.8.Peoplearedebatingwhetheritislegaltocloneahuman.9.Richsoilisveryimportantforhavingagoodharvest.10.Thegrowthofviolentcrimeisaveryrealproblem.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词。1.intendv.打算,计划;想要→intentionn.意图,目的;企图2.anxietyn.忧虑,焦虑,不安→anxiousadj.焦虑的,不安的3.legaladj.法律许可的,合法的→illegaladj.非法的4.consequentadj.由某事物引起的;随之发生的→consequencen.结果,后果→consequentlyadv.所以,因而5.transformvt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向);使改变形态→transformationn.变化,转化[寻规律、巧记忆]adj.+­il→adj.(反义词)adj.(­t)→n.(­ce)-2-legible→illegible难以辨认的liberal→illiberal不开明的logical→illogical不合逻辑的absent→absence缺席present→presence出席confident→confidence信心Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1.ontheonehand一方面2.ontheotherhand另一方面3.toywith戏弄,摆弄;把……当作儿戏4.pushaheadwith义无反顾地进行,努力推进5.forsale供出售,待销售6.ingeneral一般而言7.pointout指出8.concentrateon全神贯注于Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1.IfeltIcouldnotmoveanotherstep,butafterlunchIgotmysecondwindandpushedaheadwiththerest.2.Inordertopayoffhisdebt,heputuphiscarforsalelastweek.3.Generallyspeaking,it'shardtospendenoughtimeinbothconcentratingonlessonsandtakingpartinsocialactivities.4.Whileshewastalkingonthephone,shetoyedwithherpencil.5.Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.[寻规律、巧记忆]prep.+n.→介词短语push+prep./adv.→动词短语atwar在交战indanger处于危险underconstruction在修建中pushforward继续前行pushover推翻,推倒pushthrough使通过1.ThefirstmammaltobeclonedsuccessfullyfromanadultcellwasDollythesheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。-3-[记句式结构]“序数词+名词+todo”表示“第……个做……的”,不定式作定语。[仿写促落实]WangYapingisthefirstChinesetoteachinspace.王亚萍是第一个在太空授课的中国人。2.Idon'twanttoadoptsomeoneelse'schild—ifIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow.我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会,我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。[记句式结构]对现在的事实进行假设时,if虚拟条件句用一般过去时,主句用“would/should/could/mightdo”结构。[仿写促落实]Ifwepaidnoattentiontosmoggydaysnow,wewouldsuffersevereairpollution.假如现在我们对雾霾天气不重视,我们将遭受严重的大气污染。3.Whilecloninghumanembryosisnotlegalinmanycountries,somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchinordertoproduceaclonedhumanbaby.尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法,但一些科学家正在加紧研究,以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。[记句式结构]while表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。[仿写促落实]Soinmyopinion,whileweareconfidentinourselves,weshouldrecognizestrengthsinothersandshowduerespectforthem.因此,在我看来,尽管我们对自己很自信,我们还是应该意识到别人的长处并向他们表示应有的尊敬。4.Iwouldliketocommentonyourarticle,‘Theperfectcopy’.我想点评一下你们发表的文章《完美的复制品》。[记句式结构]wouldliketodosth.表示“想要/愿意做某事”。[仿写促落实]Iwouldliketohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。5.Whenreadingarticlesaboutscience,weoftencomeacrossdifficultscientificterms.-4-当我们阅读有关科学的文章时,我们经常会遇到一些很难的科学术语。[记句式结构]“when+现在分词”是省略的状语从句,表示“当(某人)做某事时”。[仿写促落实]Whenwalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.走在大街上时,我听见有人叫我的名字。ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……(教材P42)Ontheonehand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluablehumantissues—suchasboneorlungtissue—thatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives.Ontheotherhand...一方面,一些科学家指出如果克隆人类胚胎,你就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯救人类的生命。另一方面……(1)on(the)onehand...ontheother(hand)...通常用于引出不同的,甚至是对立的观点或理由(2)foronething...foranother(thing)...通常用于引出性质或感情色彩上相同的观点或理由①Ontheonehand,rapiddevelopmentoftheeconomywillimprovethelivingconditionsofpeople.Ontheotherhand,itwillspeedupenvironmentaldestruction.一方面,经济的迅速发展将会提高人们的生活条件。另一方面,它将会加快对环境的破坏。②Foronething,Ihaven'tanymoney;foranother(thing),Ihavenotime.一则我没有钱,二则我没有时间。[名师点津]该短语省略知多少ontheonehand中的the可以省略,与ontheotherhand一起用时,可以把第二个hand省略。有时也可只用后一个短语。exactadj.精确的,准确的(教材P42)Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.克隆就是利用动物或植物的细胞制造出一个一模一样的动物或植物的复制品。-5-(1)tobeexact确切地说(2)exactlyadv.精确地;正确地exactlyspeaking确切地说notexactly不尽然;不算是①Ithappenedlatelastcentury—in1895tobeexact.它发生在上世纪晚期,确切地说,发生在1895年。②Tobeexact/Exactlyspeaking,thepopulationincreasedby10%lastyear.确切地说,去年人口增加了百分之十。③Wearenotexactly(exact)drivingfast.我们开得不算是很快。concentrateon集中精力于;全神贯注于(教材P42)Instead,hethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrateoncreatingnewtissuesandorgansthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.相反,他认为研究精力应该集中在创造新的、可用于治疗像癌症这样的疾病的组织和器官上。(1)concentrate(sth.)on(doing)sth.(将……)集中于/专心于(做)某事concentrateone'sattention/efforts/thoughtson...把某人的注意力/努力/思想集中到……beconcentratedon/upon...集中于/专心于某事(2)concentrationn.专心,专注①Heconcentratedhisattentiononstudying.他把注意力集中于研究。②Effortsareconcentrated(concentrate)oncontrollingpollutioninkeyrivervalleys.(我们)集中力量对重点流域的污染进行控制。③Iknewthatconcentration(concentrate)wasthefirstrequirementforlearning.我知道专心致志是学习的首要条件。[联想助记]表示“全神贯注于/专心于”的短语还有:focuson/upon,beburied/absorbed/lostin,devoteoneselfto,focus/fixone'sattentionon等。intentionn.意图,目的;企图(教材P42)However,somepeoplebelievethatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintention-6-ofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.但是,有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生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