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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.2.Wewishwehadstudiedharderwhenatschool.3.IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.4.I'dratheryoupaidthemoneyyourself.5.I'drathershehadn'tdonethatthen.6.Theworkersdemandedthattheirwages(should)beincreased.7.Thebossorderedthestaffthatthey(should)finishthetaskbeforethisFriday.8.Hegavetheadvicethatwe(should)dotheworkcarefully.9.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.10.Itisimportantthatstudents(should)attendallthelectures.1.句1至句3中，wish后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况。2.句4和句5中，wouldrather后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。3.句7至句10的名词性从句中，从句均采用虚拟语气，且从句的谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1．动词wish后的宾语从句在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在的事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去的事实相反用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反用could/would/might＋动词原形。IwishIweretenyearsyounger.我希望能年轻10岁。(现在的虚拟)Iwishyouhadcometothelecture.但愿你当时来听报告了。(过去的虚拟)Iwishyouwouldn'tleaveyourclothesalloverthefloor.我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。-2-2．表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词通常使用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略。Hedemandedthathe(should)betoldeverything.他要求将一切告诉他。[名师指津]当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Thegirl'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandIsuggestedthatshe(should)gotoseethedoctoratonce.这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了，我建议她马上去看医生。3．wouldrather后的宾语从句，谓语用一般过去时表现在或将来要做的事情，用过去完成时表示过去的动作。I'dratherthatyoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。I'dratherthatyouhadcomeyesterday.你昨天来了该有多好。[即时训练1]完成句子①IwishIhadhadachance(有机会)totalktoyoulastnight,butyouleftsoearly.②Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setoffearlythenextday(第二天早动身)．③Herequestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftoSaturday(推迟到周六)．二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用1．Itisstrange/necessary/natural/important/impossible/surprising/funny/right/wrong/better...that...从句中用“should＋v.”，should可以省略。Itisnecessarythatweshouldfocusondevelopingthechildren'screativeability.我们有必要着重培养孩子们的创造能力。2．Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/commanded/requested/required/demanded/advised＋that...从句中用“should＋v.”，should可以省略。-3-Itisadvisedthatthemeeting(should)beputoffuntilnextweek.有人建议会议推迟到下周举行。[即时训练2]完成句子①Itisstrangethatsuchthings(should)happeninourschool(竟然在我们学校发生)．②Itissuggestedthatyou(should)attendtheopeningceremony(你出席开幕典礼)．三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用It's(high/about)time(that)...句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形(其中should不可省略)，句意为“确实到了……的时候了”。Itishightimethatwetook/shouldtakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。[即时训练3]判断句子正(T)误(F)①Itistimethatyoureflecteduponyourmistakes.(T)②Itishightimethatweshouldputanendtothiscontroversy.(T)③Itishightimethatwetakeeffectivemeasurestostopfakediplomasfromspreading.(F)四、虚拟语气在表语从句/同位语从句中的应用表示要求，命令，建议，意图，决定，推荐等意义的名词，如suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。Theirorderisthatforeverytreecutdowntwomore(should)beplanted.他们的要求是每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵。Weallagreedwithhissuggestionthatwe(should)gooutforpicnic.我们都同意他去野餐的建议。[即时训练4]完成句子①Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)gotoYunnanforsightseeing(去云南观光)．②EnglishteachersgiveadvicethatweshouldmakegooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish(充分利用每个机会说英语)．五、虚拟语气在asif引导的从句中的应用，包括方式状语从句和表语从句如果从句的动作指现在的情况，则用过去时；如果表示过去的动作，则用过去完成时；如果表示将来的动作，则用could/would/might＋动词原形。Helooksasifhewereanartist.他看起来真像个艺术家。-4-HespokeEnglishasifhehadstudieditinEnglandbefore.他英语说得好像是在英国学的。[即时训练5]完成句子①Peopletreathimasifhewereadangerousperson(是一个危险人物)．②Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadknowneachotherforyears(已经认识好多年)．六、虚拟语气用于ifonly引导的感叹句中ifonly引导的感叹句，谓语动词要采用虚拟语气，其谓语构成与wish后的宾语从句中的谓语相同。Hefailedintheexamagain.Ifonlyhehadworkedharder.他考试又失败了。要是他早努力些就好了。Ifonlythebankswouldlendmoneywithoutlimit!但愿银行能无限制地贷款！[即时训练6]完成句子①Ifonlymyfriendwereherewithmenow(现在和我在一起)．②IfonlyIhadn'tgonethere(没去那里)lastnight.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iwishhewere(be)withusatthisspecialmoment.2．Itisrequiredthatallmembers(should)be(be)presentattheopeningceremony.3．Thedoctororderedthatthepatient(should)besent(send)tohospitalwithoutdelay.4．Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoes(do)goodtopeople'shealth.5．Don'tcometomorrow.I'dratheryoucame(come)thedayaftertomorrow.6．WeagreedtoMr.Black'srepeatedrequestthathisson(should)join(join)ourclub.7．Theirrequestisthattheirwagesshouldbeincreased(increase)by30%.8．IfonlyIcould(can)speakseveralforeignlanguagesnow.9．Don'thandlethevaseasifitwere(be)madeofsteel.10．Itistimethatthegovernmenttook/shouldtake(take)measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.Ⅱ.单句改错1．It'simportantthattheTOEFLofficewillconfirmyourregistration.will→should或去掉will-5-2．Itishightimethatwestopcuttingdownthetrees.stop→stopped或stop前加should3．Hissuggestionthatyoumusttryasecondtimesoundsreasonable.must→should或去掉must4．LookatthetroubleIamin.IfonlyIacceptedyouradvice.accepted前加had5．Hetalksasifheknowseverythingintheworld,butinfactheknowslittle.第一个knows→knew6．Iwishallmyclassmateswillcometothegettogethernextmonth.will→would7．Myrequestisthatshemakesanapologytoyourteacher.makes→make8．Iadvisedthatheabandonedthemeaninglessplan,buthedidn'tlistentome.abandoned→abandon9．I'dratheryouattendedthepartyyesterday.Butwhatapitythatyoumissedit.attended前加had10．WhatdoyouthinkoftheproposalthathewillputonaplayattheEnglishevening?去掉will