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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——定语从句(Ⅱ)语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible，butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup，andthatIwouldneverliveinacountrywhereGermanwasspoken.4.Ifinallyunderstoodthereasonwhymymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.5.ThenIsawanadvertisementthatofferedawonderfulsummercourse，andthatwasthedaywhenIdecidedtotakeonanewlanguage.6.ThatwasatimewhentheChinesepeopleweredividedgeographically.1.关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第5、6句)2.关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第2、3句)。3.关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(第1、4句)。一、关系副词的用法关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when，where，why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。Thedaywhenwegettogetherwillcomesoon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。[名师点津]若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。Doyourememberthedays(which/that)wespenttogether?你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系词在从句中作spent的宾语)2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。-2-ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。Heisnowworkinginthefactorywherehisfatherworked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。[名师点津]若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Theschool(which/that)wevisitedyesterdayisnewlybuilt.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Thereasonwhyhesucceededintheexamisthathestudiedveryhard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。[名师点津]reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Thisisthereason(which/that)ourteachergaveusfordoingit.这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)Hegavemeareasonthat/whichwasreasonable.他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)[即时演练1]用适当的关系词填空①HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.②Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.③Thisisthereasonwhyheofferedatthemeeting.二、关系代词作介词的宾语关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。1．介词的选用“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)Thisisthepilotwithwhommyfatherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)[名师点津]-3-(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。Istillrememberthetimewhen(＝inwhich)Iwasincollege.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。Thisisthehotelwhere(＝inwhich)theystayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。Thisisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heleftinahurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。(2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如lookfor，lookafter，sendfor，callon，comeacross，longfor等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。Thedoctorthatyousentforhasnotcome.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。2．关系代词的选择“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtabook.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。3．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver，thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees，flowstothesea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。Hehasthreesons，twoofwhomareteachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。Mariahaswrittentwonovels，bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。[即时演练2]单句语法填空①Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.②Theoldmanhastwosons，bothofwhomarelawyers.③Mycomputer，withoutwhichIcan'tsurftheInternet，brokedownyesterday.-4-Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thevalleywherethetownliesisverybeautiful.2．Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogetherinthecountryside.3．Therewasaperiodoftimeinhischildhoodwhenhelikedlisteningtostoriesverymuch.4．Iknowthegirlwhomtheteachertalkedwithyesterday.5．Shehastwosons，bothofwhomgraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.6．Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatsomethingwaswrongwithhisbikeontheway.7．Thehouseforwhichhepaid200,000yuanisnowworth350,000yuan.8．ThemanfromwhomIgotaletterwasmybrother.9．Wevisitedthecarfactorywheremyuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.10．Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.Ⅱ.完成句子1．AprilFool'sDayisadayonwhich/whenpeopleplayjokesonfriends.愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。2．Theyear1945wasthetimeinwhich/whentheSecondWorldWarwasatanend.1945年是二战结束的时间。3．Isthereashopnearhereatwhich/whereIcanbuysomeflowers?这附近有没有可以买到花的商店？4．Ilostmywalletintherestaurantatwhich/wherewehadlunch.我在我们吃午餐的那家餐馆里丢了钱包。5．Thereasonforwhich/whyIdidn'twritetoyouwasthatIdidn'tknowyouraddress.我不给你写信的原因是我不知道你的地址。6．Canyoutellmethereasonforwhich/whyyoudidn'tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？7．Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneonthecomputer.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。8．Aftergraduationhereturnedtothesmalltownwhere/inwhichhegrewup.毕业以后，他回到那个他在那里长大的小镇。-5-