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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——过去分词作定语&一般过去时的时间状语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Weategreatmealscookedbyexperts！2.Wesawabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.3.Formanyyears,trainedcamelscarriedfoodandothersupplies,andreturnedwithwoolandotherproducts.4.Onenight,ataboutmidnight,Iwatchedthenightskyforaboutanhour.5.Ahundredandfiftyyearsago,theybroughtsomecamelsfromAfghanistan.6.In1925,theypassedalawwhichallowedpeopletoshoottheanimalsiftheywereaproblem.1.例句①②③中的过去分词(短语)在句中作定语。2.例句②③中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的前面；例句①中为过去分词短语作定语，应放在被修饰名词的后面。3.例句④⑤⑥中的时态为一般过去时，都和表示过去的时间状语连用。一、过去分词作定语1．过去分词作定语的位置单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需要置于被修饰词之后。过去分词短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。ThisnovelwasoncethemostwidelyreadbookinhighschoolsintheUnitedStates.这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。Whatdoyouthinkoftheplayputon(＝whichwasputon)bythestudents?你觉得学生们演的戏剧怎么样？TheOlympicGames,firstheld(＝whichwerefirstheld)in776BC,didnotallowwomentotakepartuntil1900.奥运会举办于公元前776年，直到1900年才允许女性参加。[名师点津](1)有些单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。如left(剩下的，-2-剩余的),concerned(有关的)等。Thereislittletimeleft.Let'shurryup.剩余时间不多了，咱们快点吧。(2)有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed(失望的),moved(感动的),interested(感兴趣的),surprised(感到惊讶的),shocked(震惊的，震撼的),puzzled(迷惑不解的),frightened(受惊吓的)等。2．过去分词作定语的意义及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表示完成也表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.被邀请到会的大部分艺术家来自南非。(表被动、完成)Hesatthere,lookingupattherisensun.他坐在那里，仰望着已升起的太阳。(表示完成)[名师点津]过去分词(短语)作定语表示被动或完成；现在分词(短语)作定语表示主动或动作正在进行；现在分词的被动式(beingdone)作定语表示被动和动作正在进行；不定式作定语表示将来的动作。Chinaisadevelopingcountry,notadevelopedcountry.中国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？Nobodyknowsthetopictobediscussedtomorrow.没有人知道我们明天将要讨论的话题。[即时演练1]单句语法填空①Thelost(lose)timecanneverbefoundagain.②Theproblembeingdiscussed(discuss)nowhassomethingtodowithourwork.③Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmapsborrowed(borrow)fromthelibrary.二、一般过去时的时间状语1．一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与then,atthattime,justnow,amomentago,theotherday,inthepast,atonetime,threedaysago,lastyear,yesterday,in2017等时间状语连用。Tomwantedtohelpusyesterday,buthewasverybusy.汤姆昨天想帮助我们，但他太忙了。2．表示过去的习惯动作，常与often,always,usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。-3-Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday.他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。3．有些情况，没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。Ididn'tknowyouwereinParis.我事先不知道你在巴黎。Yourphonenumberagain,please.Ididn'tquitecatchit.请再说一遍你电话号码。我没有听清楚。[即时演练2]单句语法填空①WhenIwasyoung,Ioftenwent(go)toschoolonfoot.②Hewaswriting(write)anovellastmonth.Iwonderwhetherithasbeenfinished.③Irang(ring)himseveraltimesthismorning,butnooneanswered(answer)thephone.单句语法填空1．Thepolluted(pollute)airisbadforourhealth.2．Einsteinoftenplayed(play)theviolinwhenhewasathomeafterwork.3．Themantalking(talk)toourheadmasterjustnowisournewteacher.4．Thepartplayed(play)bywomeninoursocietyisveryimportant.5．Abigfiredestroyed(destroy)thewholeforestlastyear.6．Thetowerbeingbuilt(built)nowinthedistancewillbecompletedintwomonths.7．Weplannedtohaveourpicnicintheforestnexttoafallen(fall)tree.8．WhenIgotonthebus,Irealized(realize)Ihadleftmywalletathome.9．Inthepastsomepeopleusedtrained(train)monkeystomakemoney,travellingfromoneplacetoanother.10．Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayonthemoon.