-1-SectionⅢGrammar——被动语态(Ⅰ)&主谓一致语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Itisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworldandisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.2.AbouttwothirdsofFrance'sartistsandwritersliveinParis.3.OneofBarcelona'smostfamouslandmarksistheChurchoftheSagradaFamilia,whichwasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.4.ManyofFlorence'smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartistssuchasLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelo.5.Florenceisvisitedeachyearbyaboutamilliontouristswhocometoseetheartgalleries,churchesandmuseums.6.BuildingssuchastheParthenonontheAcropolisHillwerebuiltduringthisperiod.1.例句1采用了一般现在时的被动语态,其构成形式为:am/is/are+done。2.例句3采用了一般过去时的被动语态,其构成形式为:was/were+done。3.2、4句中,当主语是由and,both...and...连接的并列结构时,谓语动词用复数。4.5、6句中,当主语是复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1.构成一般现在时被动语态的构成:is/am/are+过去分词一般过去时被动语态的构成:was/were+过去分词Mycomputerisrepairedeveryfewmonths.我的电脑每隔几个月修理一次。Mycomputerwasrepairedbythestorekeeperyesterday.昨天我的电脑被店主修理过了。2.用法(1)需要强调动作的承受者时,此时可以用“by+动作执行者”指出动作的执行者。—Didyouenjoytheparty?——你们在聚会上玩得开心吗?-2-—Yes.Weweretreatedwellbyourhosts.——很开心。主人把我们招待得很好。(2)不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。Doyouknowwhenthenewrailwaywillbeopened?你知道新的铁路什么时候通车吗?3.主动形式表示被动意义(1)连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,remain等)后接表语时,一般用主动形式表示被动意义。Thefoodtastesdelicious.这种食品尝起来美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。(2)当wash,write,sell,open,close,shut,lock等不及物动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandlastslong.这种布料很容易洗,并且耐穿。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。[名师点津](1)不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有appear,die,disappear,fail,happen,lie,breakout,cometrue,loseheart,takeplace,runout等。(2)部分及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的有contain,fit,suit,cost,belongto,consistof等。[即时演练1]单句语法填空①Allthebrokendoorswererepaired(repair)yesterday.②Allthehouseworkisdone(do)bymymotherinourfamily.③Thewoundedmanwassent(send)tothehospitalrightawayaftertheaccidenthappened.④Ahugefirebroke(break)outlastnight,causinggreatdamagetothecompany.二、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循:意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。考点一意义一致意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。-3-1.集合名词(family,team,class,government等)作主语时,若视为整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若视为个体,谓语动词则用复数形式。Hisfamilyisgoingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。[名师点津](1)集合名词people,police,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。(2)trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但如果这些词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。2.从句、动词不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要视表语而定。TolearnEnglishwellisdifficult.学好英语是困难的。Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshascausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。Whatheisfacedwithisanewproject.他所面对的是一项新的课题。Whatweneedaremorevolunteers.我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。3.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。ThreemonthshaspassedsinceIcametotheschool.我来到这所学校已经三个月。Fiftydollarswasalargesumofmoneyformeatthattime.那时50美金对我来说是一大笔钱。4.and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式;但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。Asingeranddancerispresentatthepartytoday.一位歌舞演员出席了今天的派对。Asingerandadancerarepresentatthepartytoday.一位歌唱家和一位舞者出席了今天的派对。5.当主语是“most/some/half/therest/分数/百分数+of+名词”时,如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果of后面的名词表示复数-4-概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。Twentypercentoftheworkersherearewomen.这儿百分之二十的工人是女工。6.“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Theoldarewelltakencareofinourcity.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。Theinjuredhavebeentakentothenearesthospital.受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院。[即时演练2]单句语法填空①Twentypoundswas/is(be)missingfromthewallet.②Eventhewiseare(be)notalwaysfreefrommistakes.③Therestoftheworkersare(be)stillverytired.考点二语法一致语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。Wewenttoseeacoupleofhouses,butneitherwassuitable.我们去看了两处房子,但都不合适。Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?2.主语后接with,alongwith,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,togetherwith,aswellas等短语时,谓语动词的数与主语一致。Tom,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.每个星期六,汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthepainting.老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。3.当主语是由and,both...and...连接的并列结构时,谓语动词用复数;但由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every,each,no等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.在我国,男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。[名师点津]“manya(n)/morethanone+可数名词单数”作主语时,尽管意义上是复数,但谓语-5-动词仍用单数形式。[即时演练3]单句语法填空①BothJohnandAnnare(be)interestedinEnglish.②Tomaswellastheotherstudentsinhisclass,likes(like)swimming.③Readingis(be)agoodwaytoimproveyourEnglish.考点三就近一致就近一致就是谓语动词在人称和数上与最近的主语保持一致。1.neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...,whether...or...或or连接并列主语时,谓语动词要用就近原则。Neitheryounorhewasallowedtogooutatnight.你和他都不允许晚上出去。IseithersheoryougoingtoBeijing?她还是你要去北京?2.there,here引导的句子其主语是一系列事物时,使用就近一致原则。Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。TherearemanyroutesfromChinatoEurope.从中国到欧洲有很多条路线。[即时演练4]单句改错①Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwanttogoclimbing.want→wants②Thereareanappleandthreebananasinthebasket.are→is③EitheryouorIaregoingtotheteacher'sofficeafterclass.are→amⅠ.单句语法填空1.Ineedtenmoreminutesbeforemyworkisfinished(finish).2.Weeachhave(have)adifferentpointofview.Eachofushas(have)gotsomethingtosay.3.Thefathe