2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 5 Great People and Great In

-1-Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina张仲景，东汉末年著名医学家，被后人尊称为医圣。张仲景广泛收集医方，写出了传世巨著《伤寒杂病论》。现在就让我们来了解一下张仲景的有关情况吧。ZhangZhongjing(150－219AD)wasawell­knowndoctoroftraditionalChinesemedicineduringtheEasternHanDynasty.Hismasterpiece，TreatiseonColdPathogenicandMiscellaneousDiseases(《伤寒杂病论》)，istheoldestclinicaltextbookinthehistoryofmedicine.ZhangZhongjingspentalotoftimestudyingfromhischildhood.Beforetheageof10，hehadreadlotsofmedicalbooks.Hismaster，ZhangBozu，wasalsoarenowneddoctoroftraditionalChinesemedicineatthetime.Afteryearsofhardwork，ZhangZhongjingwroteall16volumesofColdPathogenicandMiscellaneousDiseases，whichisamedicalmasterpiecebasedonhispersonalclinicalpracticeandlargeamountsofinformationhecollected.Thisbookhaslaidasoundfoundationforfuturedevelopmentofmedicine.Once，whenZhangZhongjingtravelledtoLuoyangforwork，hemetWangCan，oneofthe“SevenScholarsofJian'an”inthehistoryofChineseliteratureandfoundadiseasehidinginhisbody.HethensaidtoWangCan，“Youaresickandshouldbetreatedasearlyaspossible，otherwiseyoureyebrowswillfalloffattheageof40andyouwilldie.Now，ifyoustarttakingthemedicinegivenbyme，youwillsurvive.”WangCandidnotbelieveZhangZhongjing'swords.Twentyyearslater，hiseyebrowsbegantofalloffslowlyandafterhalfayear，hedied.ItissaidthatwhenZhangZhongjingtookofficeattheageof50inChangshaasagovernmentofficial，healwayskepthisclinicalpracticeinmindandtriedtohelppeoplewheneverhecould.Hesetasidetwodayseverymonth(thefirstdayand-2-thefifteenthday)toseepatients.Dumplings，atraditionalfavoriteofChinesepeople，arebelievedtohavebeenfirstusedbyZhangZhongjingintreatingpeoplesufferingfromfrostbiteandhunger.ZhangZhongjingwasnotonlyanoutstandingdoctoroftraditionalChinesemedicine，hewasalsohonestandkind­hearted.Hesavedcountlesslivesbycarefullytreatingeachpatient，nomatterwhotheywere.[阅读障碍词]1．masterpiecen．代表作；杰作2．clinicaladj.临床的3．renownedadj.有名望的；著名的4．practicen．(医生或律师)开业；从业5．frostbiten．冻疮[诱思导读]阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。1．ZhangZhongjingdidnotlikestudyingwhenhewasachild.()2．ColdPathogenicandMiscellaneousDiseaseswasbasedontheclinicalpracticeofZhangZhongjingandhismaster.()3．WangCanmightnothavediedthatearlyifhehadfollowedZhangZhongjing'sadvice.()4．ZhangZhongjingstilltriedhisbesttohelppeopleafterhetookofficeattheageof50.()5．ZhangZhongjinguseddumplingstotreatpeoplesufferingfromfrostbiteandhunger.()【答案】1－5FFTTTSectionⅠWarmingUp，Pre-reading&ReadingⅠ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.equalA．n.职位()2.importanceB．n.善良()3.thinkerC．n.顾问()4.kindnessD．n.秩序()5.orderE．adj.平等的()6.principleF．n.原则；准则-3-()7.positionG．n.思想家()8.stressH．vt.强调()9.resignI．vi.辞职()10.adviserJ．n.重要；重要性【答案】1－5EJGBD6－10FAHICⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A．结果B．相信C．与……交战D．和……相似E．教育1．Ibelieveinyourabilitytosolvetheproblem.2．IboughtsomenewshoeswhichareverysimilartoapairIhadbefore.3．Daisygotseveralofherpoemspublishedinvariousmagazines.Asaresult，shebecamealittlebitfamousintheirsmalltown.4．TheywereatwarwiththelocalIndiansandcameintothevalley.5．Inmyday，childrenwerebroughtuptorespectthelaw.【答案】1－5BDACEPhilosophers(哲学家)ofAncientChinaAncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother①.Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers②.Confucius(551BC－479BC)isthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.Chinesesocietywasinfluencedbytheseideasformorethan2，000years.古代中国的哲学家古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子(公元前551－公元前479)是影响最大的哲学家。他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想影响达2000多年。[助读讲解]①wherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词aplace。②whenthereweremanygreatphilosophers为when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。-4-Menciuswasathinkerwhoseteachings(学说)wereverysimilartothoseofConfucius③.Menciuswasbornin372BC.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung，andhewasbroughtupbyhismother.HebecameastudentofConfucius'sideas，andwasthengivenanimportantpositioninthegovernmentofastate.However，whenhesawthattherulerwasnotfollowinghisadvice④，heresigned.Formanyyearshetravelledfromstatetostate，teachingtheprinciplesofConfucius.Hethenbecameanadvisertoanotherruler.HespenthislastyearspreparingabookofhisteachingscalledTheBookofMencius⑤.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.Hetaughtthatifthegovernmentwaskind，thenpeoplewouldbegood.⑥Hebelievedthatpeopleweremoreimportantthanrulers，andhatedthestatewhenittreatedpeoplebadly.⑦孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，父亲在他年幼时去世，他母亲把他抚养成人。他追随孔子学说，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内身居要职。但是，当他发现统治者不采纳他的建议时，他就辞去了官职。多年来，他周游列国，传授孔子的思想。后来成为另一位统治者的谋士。他晚年写了一本介绍他思想的书，名为《孟子》。孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。他告诫人们，假若政府仁慈，人民就会有善行。他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。[助读讲解]③whoseteachings...为whose引导的定语从句，whose在从句中作定语；those为替代词，代替前面的teachings。④when引导时间状语从句，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。⑤calledTheBookofMencius是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰abook。⑥本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，其中包含if引导的条件状语从句。⑦本句中believed后为that引导的宾语从句，hated与believed是并列谓语，when引导的是时间状语从句。Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential(有影响的)．Bornin476BC，hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor.⑧Hebecamefamousforhisunusualclothesandbehaviour.Mozifoundedthephilosophy(哲学)calledMohism.Insomeways，hisbeliefsweresimilartothoseofConfucius.Forexample，heconsideredthatgovernmentwasmostimportant.Asaresult，hespentmanyyearstr