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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——情态动词＋havedone的用法语境自主领悟先观察原句①ManypeoplethinkthemonstermaybeadistantcousinoftheLochNessmonsterinScotland.②Theyalsothinkthattheremightbesimilarcreaturesinotherlakesaroundtheworld.③ButinChina，theideaofthedragonmayhavecomefromthealligator.④Youmighthavegivenyourparentsmorehelpearlier.⑤Itmusthaverainedlastnight，fortheroadwasquitemuddy.⑥Hecan'thaveforgottenit，forhetalkedaboutityesterday.⑦Yououghtto/shouldhavedonethejobmorecarefully.⑧Yououghtn'tto/shouldn'thaveaskedsuchafoolishquestion.后自主感悟1.①②句表示可能性的推测，意为“可能，也许”。2.③④句表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“可能已经”。3.⑤句表示对过去事情的很有把握的肯定推测，意为“肯定做过某事”，而⑥句则表示对过去发生事情的有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。4.⑦句表示“过去本应该做却未做的事”，⑧句则表示“过去本不该发生却发生了的事”。1．may/mighthavedonesth.表示对过去行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经做过某事”，might可能性更小，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。Johnisn'tathome.Ithinkhemay/mighthavegonetoschool.约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。Youmighthavereadaboutitinthenewspapers.你可能已经在报纸上看到这个消息了。[名师点津]mighthavedone有时表示“本来可以做的事而实际上没有做”，含有“劝告，责备”的语气。Youmighthavebeenmorecareful.你本来可以多加小心的。2．musthavedonesth.表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，-2-只用于肯定句中。Hereasonedthatsinceshehadnotansweredhislettershemusthavelefthere.他推断，由于她没有给他回信，她一定是已经离开这里了。[名师点津]含有musthavedone结构的反意疑问句中，若有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问部分用“didn't＋主语？”；若没有表示过去的时间状语，反意疑问部分则用“haven't/hasn't＋主语？”。Theymusthavegonetherelastnight，didn'tthey?他们昨晚一定是去那里了，不是吗？TheymusthavebeentotheGreatWall，haven'tthey？他们一定去过长城，不是吗？3．can/couldhavedonesth.是对过去的推测，表示“可能做过某事”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。could语气较委婉，肯定句中一般用could不用can。Mr.Smithcan'thavegonetoBeijing，forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。—Wherecantheyhavegone?—Theycouldhavegonetothecinema.——他们能去哪里呢？——他们可能去电影院了。[名师点津]couldhavedonesth.还可表示过去本可以完成而实际上未完成的动作。Youcouldhavedonebetter，butyouweretoocareless.你本来可以做得更好，但你太粗心了。[即时训练1]用适当的情态动词填空①Georgecan'thavegonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.②—WeareveryworriedaboutTom.Whyhasn'thecomeback?—Don'tworry.Hemay/mighthavebeencaughtinatrafficjam.③—Howdidyoudointhetest?—Notsowell.IcouldhavedonemuchbetterbutImisreadthedirections.④Thestreetsarewet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.4．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示过去本来应该做某事(而实际上并没有做)，意为“理应做……，本来应该做……”，常表示遗憾；oughtnotto/shouldn'thavedone表示“过去本来不应该做某事(而实际上做了)”，含有指责对方或自责的意味。Theflowershavedied.Ishouldhavewateredthemoften.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给它们浇水的。(其实没浇水，表示遗憾)-3-Yououghtnottohavetoldthemthetruth.你本不应该告诉他们真相的。(其实你告诉他们了，含有责备的意味)5．needn'thavedonesth.表示“本来不必做某事(实际上已经做了)”；needhavedonesth.表示“本来需要做某事(实际上未做)”Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本来没有必要买这么多酒——只来了五个人。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase，hewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本来需要快点去车站。那样的话，他就不会耽误了火车。6．wouldhavedonesth.表示“原本想做某事”；也可以用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反。Iwouldhavegivenyouthebookyesterday，butIdidn'tcoveritcompletely.我原本想昨天给你那本书的，可是我没能全部读完。Itwouldneverhavehappenedwithoutyourhelp.要不是你的帮助，这绝不会发生。[即时训练2]用适当的情态动词填空①Ineedn'thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool，formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.②—Sorry，Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh，it'stoobad.Youshouldhavemadefullpreparations.③Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation，ortheywouldhavecometoourhelp.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Hecould/mighthavepassedtheexam，buthewastoocareless.2．Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.3．Mr.Whiteshouldhavearrivedat8：30a．m.forthemeeting，buthedidn'tshowup.4．Youneedn'thavewokenmeup;Idon'thavetogotoworktoday.5．Nobodyansweredthedoorbell;hemusthavegoneout.6．Hemighthavesaidsoatthemeeting,butI'mnotsure.7．Youshouldn'thaveblamedtheboyjustnow;afterall，heisonlyachild.8．Hemusthaveknown(know)whatshewanted.9．Icouldhavearrivedhereontime，butmycarbrokedownontheway.-4-10．Heneedn'thavewatered(water)theflowers,butheneededtodosomethingtokilltime.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Hewasnotintheoffice.Ithoughthemaygonehome.may后加have2．—Moststudentsinmyclassfailedinthemathtest.—Itmustn'thavebeeneasy.mustn't→couldn't3．Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youcouldn'thavelefthomewithoutaword.couldn't→shouldn't4．Thedrivermusthavedrunkalotbeforetheaccident，butIamnotquitesureofthat.must→might5．Youshouldcometothemeeting.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?should后加have6．Ishouldn'thaveenjoyedmyselfmore—itwasaperfectday.shouldn't→couldn't7．Youcoulddoneitbetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.could后加have8．Honestly，youwouldhavetoldme.would→might9．Thecakeisverysweet.Youmustputalotofsugarinit.must后加have10．Yououghthavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.ought后加to