2019-2020学年高中英语 语法专题17 主谓一致教案(含解析)新人教版必修1

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1十七、主谓一致1并列结构作主语时的主谓一致⒈由and连接主语时and连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数①并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数如:LiMingandZhangHuaaregoodstudents.Likemanyothers,thelittletrampandthenaughtyboyhaverushedthereinsearchofgold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子。Bothriceandwheataregrowninthisarea.②并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时,谓语动词用单数形式如:Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言。HislawyerandformercollegefriendwaswithhimonhistriptoEurope.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行。注意:指同一个人或物时,并列主语前只用一个冠词;指不同的需要分别加冠词;但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可如:thewriterandtheeducatorhavevisitedourschool.thewriterandeducatorhasvisitedourschool.Aboyandgirlareplayingtennis.③并列主语前有each,every,manya,no等修饰时谓语动词用单数如:Eachdoctorand(each)nurseworkinginthehospitalwasaskedtohelppatients.Everyman,womanandchildisentitledtotakepartintheactivity.Everyboyand(every)girladmireshimforhisfinesenseofhumour.Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasmadethesamemistake.Noboyandnogirlistherenow.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意:manya跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多2如:Manyastudentwasdisappointedafterseeingthemovie.④并列主语为不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数如:Alawandruleaboutprotectingenvironmenthasbeendrawnup.Theknifeandforkhasbeenwashed.Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.注意;常被视为主体的结构Acupandsaucer一副杯碟Ahorseandcar马车Aknifeandfork一副刀叉Alawandrule法规Aneedleandthread一套针线Fishandchips炸鱼加炸薯条Thestarsandstripes星条旗⒉由(either)…or或neither…nor等连接的主语时由either…or;neither…nor;or;notonly…but(also)…连接主语时,谓语动词陈述句中就近原则如:EitheryouorJaneistobesenttoNewYork.要你要么简被派往纽约。Neitheryounorhehasfinishedtheexperiment.Notonlytheoldfarmerbutalsohisfamilywerefriendlytome.Notonlyhisfriendsbutalsohehimselfislookingforwardtotakingpartintheparty.⒊主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走如:NotyoubutIamtoanswerthequestion.I,notyou,amtoanswerthequestion.2单一主语的主谓一致3⒈名词本身自带s作主语时,谓语动词用单数①学科名词:physics物理;mathematics/maths数学;economics经济学;politics政治学;新闻news;体操Gymnastics如:Asweknow,Physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.醒是自然科学中的一门基础学科。Mathematicsisarequiredcourseformiddleschoolstudent.数学是中学生的一门必修课。Einsteinoncesaid,Politicsismuchmoredifficultthanphysics.注意:当mathematics表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数皆可如:Ifmymathematicsis/areright,theansweris56.如果我的运算正确,答案就是56。Thetelevisionnewsisat7clockintheeveningeveryday.Gymnasticsismysistesfavouritesport.②有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语如:means方式方法aircraft飞机works工厂crossroads十字路口deer鹿sheep羊fish鱼Thisworkswasbuildin1982.Byfar,threesteelworkshavebeencloseddowninthiscity.Thismeansoftransporthasbeentried.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.③由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数如:chopsticks筷子compasses圆规glasses眼镜gloves手套4Jeans牛仔裤shoes鞋子scissors剪子shorts短裤socks短袜trousers裤子Mytrousersarewhiteandhisclothesareblack.我的裤子是白色的,他的衣服是黑色的。Whyareyourshoessodirty?注意:如果这些词由单位词(apairof,asuitof,apieceof,akindof等)靠饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数如:Apairofscissorsislyinginthatdrawer.Thesekindsofglassesarepopularthissummer.④表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数如:TheunitedStatesisadevelopedcountryTheNewYorkTimesiswidelyreadintheworld.⑤以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数如:TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplants.植物种类繁多TheNiagaraFallsaresplendidwaterfalls.⑥以-s结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数如:belongings财产clothes衣服plastics塑料制品eamings收入goods货物leavings剩余savings储存Allthegoodsareveryexpensive.⒉集体名词作主语时5①mankind,humanity,man作主语时,谓语一般用单数如:Onlymanknowshowtocook.有人懂得烹饪注意:mankind表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,其表语是复数。如:Mankindareintelligentanimals人是理智的动物.②people,police,cattle,youte作主语时,只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数如:Thepoliceareinvestigatingtheriot.Thecattlearegrazingthethefiled.Manycattlewerekilledforthis.注意:people作民族讲时有复数形式。如:Thereare56peoplesinChina.③family,crowd等作主语时,根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有:Army;assembly;audience;band;class;club;committee;company;congress;youthcrew;crowdenemy;familygang;govermmentgroupherd;jurypopulation;publicteam强调整体,用单数谓语;强调个体,用复数谓语。如:ThefamilyisgoingtomovetoNewYork.Thefarmilyhavedifferentopinionsabouttheirgoingabroad.Thefootballclubcommitteearrangesallthematches.Thefootballclubcommitteehavedecidedtodismisshim.比较:Afamily,agroup,aclass作主语时用单数谓语Families,groups,classes作主语时用复数谓语如:Agroupiscomingtothezoo.人正朝着动物园走来。④baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家具),machinery(机器),poetry(诗),scenery(风景),jewery(珠宝),equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)如:Ourclothingprotectsusfrom(against)thecold.我们的衣服可以御寒。Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage?你所有行李都托运了吗?注意:machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine,poem,jewel,scene等。如:apoem/apieceofpoetry(一首诗),manymachines/muchmachinery6/manypiecesofmachinery(许多机器)。⑤hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:Myhairhasgrownverylong.我的头发已长得很长了.Thepolicefoundtwohairsthere.警察在那儿找到了两根头发.⑥fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词它通常是不可数的。如:Hedoesn'teatmuchfruit.他不大吃水果.Heisgrowingfruitinthecountry.他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即afruit指一种水果,fruits指多种水果。比较:Somefruitshavethickskins.有些水果皮很厚。⒊非谓语动词或从句作主语时①非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数如:Toimproveagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney.Toseeistobelieve.Swimmingisagoodwaytokeephealth.Howtheywillsolvetheproblemremainstobeseen.Whethershewillcomeisnotknown.②多个非谓语动词作主语,表达一个概念谓语用单数,表达不同概念谓语用复数如:Goingtobeearlyandgettingupearlyisgoodforyourhealth.(早睡早起一个概念)Readingbooksandplayingtabletennisaremygreatpleasure.(读书和打乒乓球是两个概念)Listening,speaking,readingandwritingareallimportant.Tobestrictwithoneselfandtob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