1二十四、虚拟语气1概念虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你,我就学英语了。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!2虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。⒈真实条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如:Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。⒉虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。)2⒊错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如:Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnowyouwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.⒋if省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变成倒装句式。如:IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。Ifitshouldraintomorrowwesouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrosiwewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。⒌用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor。如:Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadanilliondollars)如果你有100万元,你会做什么?Wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp(=ifwehadn'tgotyourhelp)没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Withoutyourhelpwecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。3⒍含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如:Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,wouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定语从句)Imighthawegivenyounorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsiderationtheywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)