搜索
1SectionⅣGrammar—定语从句(Ⅰ)[新知导引]1．(教材P26)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.2．(教材P26)Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.3．(教材P26)Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．(教材P26)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5．Themanwhom/who/thatIhavetophonelivesinCanada.[语法详解]一、定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。二、关系代词的用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)3．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句作定语)Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。2Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.(作主语)中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn'twork.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who,whom，指物多用which。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)三、只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况1．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。2．先行词是不定代词，如all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none等时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。3．先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。34．当先行词既有人，又有物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5．当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？考情分析定语从句是考查频率最高的一类从句，主要考查其关系词。该从句用法看起来纷繁复杂，但只要抓住它的两种不同角度分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句；关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，再把各自相关的细节一一添加到上面，这些问题就可以迎刃而解。即时训练Ⅰ.语法填空1．Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthat/whicharebuiltclosetoeachother.2．Thenewpolicyonlycoverspeoplewho/thathavemadegreatcontributionstoourcountryduringthewar.3．Simonisacomedianandactorwho/thathas10years'experienceofteachingcomedy.4．You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationthat/whichyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.5．Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Ⅱ.完成句子1．昨天我在街上遇见的那个人是我的经理。Themanwho/that_I_met_in_the_street_yesterdayismymanager.2．你记得三个月前我们参观的那家养鸡场吗？Doyourememberthechickenfarmthat/which_we_visited_three_months_ago?3．桂林是世界各地的人们想去游览的最美的地方。Guilinisthemostbeautifulplacethat_people_from_all_over_the_world_want_to_visit.4．那个女孩学习非常刻苦，她的妈妈是一位教师。4Thegirlwhose_mother_is_a_teacherstudiesveryhard.5.这个擅长英语的小男孩买了一本新词典。Theboywho/that_is_good_at_Englishboughtanewdictionary.6．营救组挖出那些困在废墟的人。Therescueteamdugoutthosewho_were_trapped_in_the_ruins.7．在汶川地震中，死亡与失踪的人数超过100,000。Thenumberofpeoplewho_were_dead_or_lostreachedmorethan100,000intheWenchuanearthquake.8．许多在地震中失去父母的孩子被送到其他城市的家庭里生活。Anumberofchildrenwho_lost_their_parentsweresenttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.9．所有来这儿的人都有同等的机会展示他们的才华。Allthepeoplethat_came_herehadanequalchancetoshowtheirtalents.10．人们用他们能找到的任何东西在野外搭起临时住所。Peopleputupsheltersintheopenwithanythingthey_could_find.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?2．Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.3．ThisistheveryhotelthatIstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.4．ThechildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.5．Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldringwhich/thathehadlostonthetrain.6．Thechildrenwho/thatwereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.7．Thewomanwho/thatisshakinghandswithmysisterisadoctor.8．ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.9．Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.10．Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.Ⅱ.单句改错1．I'llgiveyouabookwhichyou'llfinditinteresting.去掉it52．Theoldmanwhoyouspokeisafamousdoctor.spoke后加to/with3．Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou.which→that4．ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichI'veeverseen.which→that5．Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.wants→want6．Wetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhichwemetduringthewar.which→thatⅢ.语法与写作1．Thisisthebestfilmthat_has_been_shown_this_year(今年放映过的)．2．Thisisthepenthat_you_lost_yesterday(你昨天丢失的)．3．Heisthemostcarefulboythat_I_have_ever_known(我所知道的)．4．Wheatisakindofplantwhich_is_grown_in_the_north_of_China(中国北方种植的)．5．Thisisthefactorywhich_we_visited_last_year(我们去年参观过的)．6．MrLiuwantstotalktothestudentwhose_parents_work_in_America(他的父母在美国工作)．7．Thosewho_volunteer_to_go_to_Africa(想自愿去非洲的人)havesignedtheirnames.8．FinallyIdecidedtobuythisovercoat,whose_price_is_reasonable(它的价钱合理)．9．Youshouldwatchthis