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1Module6TheWorld'sCulturalHeritageTheTajMahalisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworldandthefinestexampleofthelatestyleofIndianarchitecture.ItisatAgrainnorthernIndia.ItliesbesidetheRiverJumnainthemiddleofgardenswithquietpools.TheTajMahalwasbuiltbytheMogulemperorShahJehan,whoruledIndiaintheseventeenthcentury.Itisinmemoryofhisfavouritewife,ArjumandBanuBagam,knownasMumtazMahal,whodiedin1631.Thebuilding,whichwascompletedbetween1632and1638,wasdesignedbyalocalMuslimarchitectUstadAhmadLahori.Thewholebuilding,withgardensandgatewaystructures,wascompletedin1643.TheTajMahalstandsatoneendofthegardentombwithmarblepath.Theroomissoftlylightedbythelightthatpassesthroughdoublescreensofcarvedmarblesethighinthewalls.Thebuildingnowiskeptingoodcondition.TheTajMahaltook22yearstobuild.ShahJehanplannedasimilarbuilding,butinblackinsteadofwhite,tolieontheothersideoftheriver.Butbeforeitcouldbebuilt,ShahJehanwasimprisonedbyhissonandburiednexttohiswifeintheTajMahal.SectionⅠIntroduction&Reading—Prereading[原文呈现][读文清障]Part1TheAmazing①CavesofZhoukoudianZhoukoudianisasmallvillageabout50kilometressouthwestofBeijing.Inthe1920s②，archaeologists③discoveredsomeprehistoric④humanbonestherewhichchangedChina'sknowledge⑤ofitshistory⑥.Theycamefromanunknownspecies⑦ofmanandwerethefirstevidence⑧ofprimitive⑨humanlifeinChinathousandsofyearsago.Theremains⑩were...threeteeth!In1929,acompleteskull⑪wasalsodiscovered.Eventually⑫，archaeologistsfoundalmost200items⑬，including⑭sixskullsandmorethan⑮150teeth.Thesediscoveries⑯provedtheexistence⑰ofahumanspecieswholivedinthearea⑱between700,000and200,000yearsago.2FoursiteswhereBeijingManandhisrelations⑲lived⑳werediscoveredonthenorthernfaceof○21DragonBoneHill(Longgushan).Theylivedinthelimestone○22cavesinthearea.①amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的②inthe1920s＝inthe1920's③archaeologist/ˌɑːki'ɒlədʒIst/n．考古学家④prehistoric/ˌpriːhI'stɒrIk/adj.史前的；有历史记载以前的prehistoryn．[U]史前时期⑤knowledgen．[U]知晓，了解⑥which引导定语从句，代指上文提到的事情。⑦speciesn．物种，种⑧evidencen．证据⑨primitive/'prImətIv/adj.(人类或动植物)原始的，原生的⑩remains/rI'meInz/n．遗迹；遗体⑪skull/skʌl/n．头颅，颅骨⑫eventuallyadv.最后，终于⑬item/'aItəm/n．(一)件⑭includingprep.包括includingA＝Aincluded⑮morethan超过，多于⑯discoveryn．发现⑰existence/Iɡ'zIstn．存在comeintoexistence/being产生，出现⑱who引导定语从句，修饰“ahumanspecies”。⑲relation/rI'leIʃn/n．亲属；亲戚⑳where引导定语从句，修饰“foursites”。○21onthenorthernfaceof在……北面○22limestone/'laImˌstəʊn/n．石灰石第一部分惊人的周口店山顶洞[第1～3段译文]周口店是位于北京西南约50千米的一个小村庄。20世纪20年代，考古学家在那里发现了一些史前人类的遗骨，这一发现改变了人们对中国历史的认识。它们是一类未知人种的遗骨，是许多年前原始人生活在中国的第一证据。发现的遗留物是……三颗牙齿！1929年，一个完整的头盖骨又被发掘出来。最后，考古学家发现了近200件遗留物，包括6个头盖骨和150多颗牙齿。这些发现证明：在七十万到二十万年前就有人类生活在该地区。人们在龙骨山的北坡发现了北京人及其近亲居住过的四处遗址。他们生活在该地区的石3灰岩洞中。However,thelifespan○23ofBeijingManwasshort.About70%ofthepeopleprobablydiedbeforetheageof14.Fewerthan○245%livedtotheageof○2550.Evenso○26，theywerequitesophisticated○27.Asheswerefoundalongsidethefossils○28whichshowedtheyusedfirefor○29cookingfoodandalsoforlight,warmthandprotection○30fromwildbeasts○31.Thisistheearliestevidenceoftheuseoffireanywhereintheworld.Theyalsomadetoolsof○32bonesandsharpened○33stones.Unfortunately,whenJapaninvaded○34Chinain1937,excavations○35attheBeijingManSitestoppedandmostofthefossilsdisappeared,includingaBeijingManskull.Theyhaveneverbeenfound.AfterthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasestablished○36in1949,theworkstartedagainandZhoukoudianbecameanimportanttouristattraction○37.Zhoukoudianwaslisted○38asaworldheritage○39siteinDecember1987.IthasnotonlygivenusimportantinformationaboutprehistoricAsiansocieties,butalso○40hasprovided○41amazingevidenceabouttheprocessofevolution○42.○23span/spæn/n．时距；期间○24fewerthan低于，少于○25livetotheageof活到……岁○26evenso尽管如此○27sophisticatedadj.精密的，水平高的，复杂巧妙的○28fossil/'fɒsl/n．化石○29use...fordoing...用……来做……○30protectionn．保护protect...from...保护……免受……○31beast/biːst/n．野兽○32makeAof/fromB由B制成AAbemadeof/fromBA由B制成○33sharpen/'ʃɑːpən/v．使变锋利○34invadev．侵略，侵犯○35excavation/ˌekskə'veIʃn/n．发掘○36establishv．成立○37touristattraction旅游景点attraction此处是可数名词，意为“向往的地方”。○38list/lIst/v．(按某次序)把……列表，列清单belistedas被列为○39heritagen．遗产○40notonly...butalso...不但……而且……4○41providev．提供○42evolution/ˌiːvə'luːʃn/n．进化；演变[第4～5段译文]然而，北京人的寿命很短。约70%的北京人可能都活不到14岁。活到50岁的人不到5%。尽管如此，北京人进化程度已经很高。跟化石一起被发现的灰烬表明他们用火来做饭、照明、取暖和抵御野兽。这是世界上使用火种的最早证据。他们还用骨头和尖石做工具。不幸的是，1937年日本侵华时，北京人遗址的挖掘工作被迫中断，大多数化石不翼而飞，其中包括一个北京人头盖骨。它们至今下落不明。1949年中华人民共和国成立之后，挖掘工作重新开始，周口店成了重要的旅游景区。1987年12月，周口店被列为世界文化遗产。它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社会的重要信息，还为我们提供了人类进化历程中惊人的证据。Part2BeijingManHeritageSiteinDanger○43TheZhoukoudianBeijingManSiteisoneofthemostimportantworldheritagesitesinChina.Sincethediscoverywasmade○44inthe1920s,Zhoukoudianhasbecomeanimportantplaceforarchaeologistsfromallovertheworld.Atthesiteinthesouthwestsuburb○45ofBeijing,thereis,forexample,theearliestevidenceoftheuseoffirebyhumans.Ithasalsobeenprovedthatpeoplelivedtherecontinuously○46between500,000and10,000yearsago.○47Today,however,Zhoukoudianisinseriousdanger.Partsofthecavehavebeenbadlyaffectedbyrainandexposure○48totheair.Someareasarealmostcompletelycoveredinweeds○49，causingseriousdamage○50.Pollutionfromnearbycement○51factorieshasalsocontributed○52totheproblem.Thesiteisextremely○