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1课时跟踪练(一)Introduction&Reading—Pre-readingⅠ.阅读理解AAcoupleofyearsago,musicpsychologistElizabethMargulisdecidedtomakesomechangestothemusicofLucianoBerio.Beriowasoneofthemostfamousclassicalcomposersofthe20thcentury.Afterloadinghismostfamouspieceintoacomputereditingprogram,shejustrandomlystartedcutting.Theideabehindthisactwassimple:MarguliswantedtoseeifshecouldmakepeoplelikeBerio'smusicmorebymakingitmorerepetitive.Margulisknewthat90percentofthemusicwelistentoismusicwe'veheardbefore.Wereturnagainandagaintoourfavoritesongs,listeningoverandovertothesamemusicalriffs(重复乐段),whichthemselvesrepeatoverandoverinsidethemusic,andshe'dbecomeobsessedwithunderstandingwhyrepetitionissocompelling(引人入胜的).ThisiswhyshewasrazoringthemusicofBerio—becausehismusicisn'tatallrepetitive.Wearedrawntorepetition.Itsurroundsus,notjustinmodernAmericanpopmusic,Margulissays,buteverywhere.“Musicalrepetitivenessisn'treallyanindividualfeatureofmusicthat'sarisenoverthepastfewhundredyearsintheWest，”shesays.“Itseemstobeaculturaluniversal.Notonlydoeseveryknownhumanculturemakemusic,butalso,everyknownhumanculturemakesmusicinwhichrepetitionisadefining(典型的)element.”Why?Onepartoftheansweriswhat'sknownasthemereexposureeffect.Psychologistshavefoundthatpeopletendtostartoffwary(谨慎的)of—orevenunfriendlyto—newthings,whichmakessensefromanevolutionaryperspective.Butthentheactofmereexposurechangesourfeelings.Wetypicallyfeelmorewarmlytowardthingsweencounteragainandagain.Somereexposureisoneofthereasonswerespondsowelltorepetition—bothofmusicandinmusic—butMargulisclearlydoesn'tthinkit'sthewholestory.Shesaysrepetitionalsoallowsustoshift(转移)ourattentionaround,fromthesurfaceaspectsofthemusictootheraspects.Sobasically,partofwhattherepetitioninmusicallowsustodoisleaveourselves.Insomesmallway,itallowsustoshiftandadjustourreality.Andrealitycanoftenusesomeadjusting.2语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为什么我们在听音乐的时候，会发现音乐总是重复及重复的作用等。1．WhydidMargulischangeBerio'smusic?A．Tofindtheroleofrepetition.B．Toshowhertalentinmusic.C．Tomakehismusicmorefamous.D．Totestacomputereditingprogram.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段的“ifshecouldmakepeoplelikeBerio'smusicmorebymakingitmorerepetitive”和第三段的“she'dbecomeobsessedwithunderstandingwhyrepetitionissocompelling(引人入胜的)”可知，她这样做的原因就是想了解音乐重复的作用。2．Ifwehearnewmusicagainandagain,we________.A．can'tdealwithitssoundbetterB．tendtobecautiousofitverymuchC．mayexpectsomethingfromitconsciouslyD．won'tknowwhenwehaveheardit解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Butthenthe...againandagain.”可知，如果我们反复听新的音乐，我们或许会有意识地从中期望一些东西。3．Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninfertherepetitionmakesus________.A．experiencethecontentofthesongsB．respondtothewholemusicbetterC．rememberthewordsofsongsclearlyD．shiftourexperienceofrealityaroundus解析：选D细节理解题。结合最后一段的“Shesaysrepetition...adjustourreality.”可知，音乐中的重复会使我们从事情的表面看到其他的方面，以及暂时的逃离现实等。4．Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．ToplaymusicagainandagainB．TobeexposedtomusicfullyC．ToenjoythebeautyofmusicD．Tofindthesecrettomusicaleffects解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要解释了为什么音乐中会有不断地重复，以及这种音乐的重复起着什么作用等情况，因此A项符合主题。B3Oneofthemostsignificantpartsofmyhighschoolcareerwouldbeplayingintheorchestra.IrememberwhenIfirststartedplayingtheviola(中提琴)inmyschool'sprogramasaninexperiencedfourthgrader.Asmyinterestinmusicgrew,Idecidedtofindaprivateinstructor.Duringmyfirstlesson,IwassurprisedatwhatDr.Twasteaching—howtoholdtheviolaandplayopenstrings!Tome,thesewerebasicconceptsIhadlongagomastered.However,thefollowingweek,whatIthoughtIhadlearnedwascompletelydisproven.Withsuchhighexpectations,Dr.Tcriticizedmanyaspectsofmyposture,intonationandbowing(音准和弓法).ButasIbecamemorefamiliarwithmyviola,Dr.Tstartedassigningmeactualcompositions.Meanwhile,Ibecamemoreandmoreinterestedinourschool'sensemble(合奏组)．Ifirstdecidedtobecomeasectionleaderinmiddleschool,whenweweregiventheopportunitytotryoutforourensemble'sfirstandsecondchairs.Duringthefirstclass,ourconductor,Mrs.V,introducedustoasectionleader'sresponsibilities.Thesedutiesincludedhelpingotherswiththeconcertmusicandsettingagoodexample.Afterdiscussion,Idecidedtotryoutandstartedpreparingtheassignedpiece.Everyday,Iwouldpracticeforatleast45minutes.Needlesstosay,thiswaseasiersaidthandone.Itrequiredalotofconcentrationandwillpower.Regardless,bytheendoftheweek,Ihadbecomemorefamiliarwiththemusic.Tomysurprise,theaudition(试听)processwasmorepleasantthanIhadimagined.AsIunpackedmyviola,Istartedtodoubtmydecision.However,whenIenteredMrs.V'shomelyoffice,Ifeltmorerelaxed.Bytheendofmyaudition,Mrs.VsaidthatIhadagoodchanceofbecomingtheprincipalviolist!Thenextday,duringorchestra,Ilearnedthatindeed,Ihadbecomeoursection'sfirstchair.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己的音乐之路。5．BeforetheauthorstudiedunderDr.T,she________.A．hadneverplayedtheviolaB．hadexpressedinterestinmusicC．hadwrittensomecompositionsD．hadbeenapromisingyoungartist解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段的“Asmyinterestinmusicgrew,Idecidedtofindaprivateinstructor.”可知，在师从Dr.T之前，作者就已经对音乐产生了浓厚的兴趣。6．Theunderlinedword“disproven”inParagraph2canbereplacedby4“________”．A．lazyB．wrongC．foolishD．surprised解析：选B词义猜测题。由第二段的“thesewerebasicconceptsIhadlongagomastered”和“Dr.Tcriticizedmanyaspectsof...”可知，Dr.T批评并纠正了作者以前学过的关于