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1SectionⅣGrammar—直接引语与间接引语(Ⅰ)[新知导引]1．(教材P5)“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.”saidAnne.→Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2．(教材P5)“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson？”thewriterasksus.→Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.3．(教材P5)“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight？”FatheraskedAnne.→FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.4．Mymothersaid，“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”→Mymothersaidafriendinneedisafriendindeed.[语法详解]一、直接引语和间接引语概述*直接引用别人的原话就是直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。*间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。*直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。二、直接引语变为间接引语直接引语变为间接引语时，应在时态、句式、代词、状语以及方向性动词等方面作一些必要的调整。1．时态的变化(1)直接引语变为间接引语时，引述动词如果用的是过去式，间接引语在时态方面要作相应的变化。一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时，应分别改为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。但如果直接引语中的时态是一般过去时，且和具体的过去时间状语连用时，时态无须变化。Theysaid,“Ourparentsoftengoshoppingwithus.”他们说：“我们的父母经常和我们一起购物。”→Theysaidtheirparentsoftenwentshoppingwiththem.他们说他们的父母经常和他们一起购物。Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”→HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.他说我给他讲过那个故事。2Tomsaid,“Iwasbornin1996.”汤姆说：“我生于1996年。”→Tomsaidthathewasbornin1996.汤姆说他生于1996年。(2)若引述动词用的是一般现在时，时态无须变化。Hesays,“I'mtried.”他说：“我很累。”→Hesaysthatheistired.他说他很累。2．句式变化(1)直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句(that可以省略)。引述动词主要有say，tell，repeat，explain等。Shesaid,“IliketowatchTV.”她说：“我喜欢看电视。”→ShesaidthatshelikedtowatchTV.她说她喜欢看电视。Hesaid,“Shecanswim.”他说：“她会游泳。”→Hesaidthatshecouldswim.他说她会游泳。(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语要变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句；直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句，注意宾语从句要用陈述句语序。“Doyouknowtheman？”heasked.他问：“你认识这个男人吗？”→Heaskedif/whetherIknewtheman.他问我是否认识那个男人。“Whatdoyoudointheevening？”heasked.他问：“你晚上做什么？”→HeaskedmewhatIdidintheevening.他问我晚上做什么。3．代词变化：指示代词：this→that,these→those；人称代词要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化。3Hesaid,“IamgoingtoBeijingthisweek.”他说：“这周我要去北京。”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijingthatweek.他说那周他要去北京。Thelittlegirltoldhim,“Ihaveseenthefilm.”那个小姑娘告诉他：“我已经看过那部电影了。”→Thelittlegirltoldhimshehadseenthefilm.那个小姑娘告诉他，她已经看过那部电影了。4．时间状语和地点状语的变化：now→then，today→thatday，tonight→thatnight,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastweek→theweekbefore,ago→before,tomorrow→thenextday,nextweek→thenextweek,here→there。Hesaid，“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”他说：“我十年前买了这所房子。”→Hesaidthathehadboughtthehouse10yearsbefore.他说他十年前买了这所房子。“Didyouseeherlastweek？”heasked.他问：“你上周见到她了吗？”→HeaskedifIhadseenhertheweekbefore.她问我前一周是否见到她了。MrWangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth.”王先生说：“下个月我会去上海出差。”→MrWangsaidthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.王先生说下个月他会去上海出差．5．方向性动词的变化：come→go,bring→take。Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”他说：“我把它随身带回家。”→Hesaidhehadtakenithomewithhim.他说他把它随身带回家。注意：间接引语中时态不变的用法(1)直接引语如果是客观真理或自然现象时，时态不变。“Theearthmovesaroundthesun，”saidtheteacher.老师说：“地球围绕太阳转。”→Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.老师说地球围绕太阳转。4(2)直接引语如果是习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或状态，时态不变。“Mybrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike，”Jacksaid.杰克说：“我哥哥总是骑车上学。”→Jacksaidthathisbrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.杰克说他哥哥总是骑车上学。(3)如果间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍在继续，时态不变。“MyparentsliveinShanghai，”saidLiHua.李华说：“我父母住在上海。”→LiHuasaidthathisparentsliveinShanghai.李华说他父母住在上海。考情分析直接引语和间接引语是中学英语的重要语法，也是高考的重要考点，其热点考查内容是时态变化、语序变化等。巧学助记人称代词的变化规律：(1)“一随主”：直接引语中有第一人称代词时，变间接引语时应与引述部分主语保持一致。(2)“二随宾”：直接引语中有第二人称代词时，变间接引语时应与引述部分宾语保持一致。(3)“三不变”：直接引语中有第三人称代词时，变间接引语时无须变化。即时训练Ⅰ.改正间接引语中的错误1．Hetoldme,“IwillgotoShanghai.”HetoldmethathewillgotoShanghai.will→would2．Hesaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthmovedaroundthesun.moved→moves3．Tomsaid,“Iwillgotoschooltomorrow.”5TomsaidIwouldgotoschoolthenextday.I→he4．Heaskedme,“DidyouleaveLondontwodaysago？”HeaskedmewhetherIhadleftLondontwodaysago.ago→before5.“Youmustcomeherebeforesix，”hesaid.HesaidImustcometherebeforesix.come→goⅡ.将间接引语补充完整1．Itoldhim,“IlostmymoneyandIwillfindit.”→ItoldhimIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.2．Thewomanaskedhim,“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair？”→Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.3．“Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIhadeverbeentotheseaside.4．Shesaid,“Iamcomingthisweek.”→Shesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.5．Hesaid,“Ineedaruler.”→Hesaidthatheneededaruler.Ⅲ.把下列直接引语变成间接引语1．Hesaid,“IamlivinginLondonnow.”HesaidthathewaslivinginLondonthen.2．Shesaid,“Ihaven'theardfromhimsinceMay.”Shesaidshehadn'theardfromhimsinceMay.3．HesaidtoTom,“Icanhelpthem.”HesaidtoTomthathecouldhelpthem.4．Heaskedme,“Areyoufondoffootball？”HeaskedmeifIwasfondoffootball.5．Shesaid,“I'llbringyouthisbooknextmonth.”Shesaidshewouldbringmethatbookthenextmonth.根据直接引语写出间接引语中谓语的正确形式61．“Ididn'tmeantohurtyou，”saidmyfriendMary.→MyfriendMarysaidshehadn'tmeanttohurtme.2．Momasked,“Willyoustayathomealonethisweekend？”→MomaskedwhetherIwouldstayathomealonethatweekend.3．Myfatherasked,“Whatdoyouwanttogetasapresentonyourbirthday？”→MyfatheraskedwhatIwantedtogetasapresentonmybirthday.4．“Whatwillweeattoday？”heaskedhismother.→Heaskedhismotherwhattheywouldeatthatday.5．“I'msureRobincanwinthematchtomorrow.”Tomsaidtome.→TomsaidtomethathewassureRobincouldwinthematchthenextday.6．“IwillgotoBeijingforameetingtomorrow，”myfathersaidtome.→MyfathertoldmethathewouldgotoBeijingforameetingthenextday.7．“Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld，”saidMrSmith.→MrSmithsaidt