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1SectionⅡGrammar语法一不定式作目的状语一、基本用法不定式作为非谓语动词的一种形式，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。不定式作状语表示目的时常用的结构为todo,onlytodo,inorderto/soastodo。二、位置不定式作状语表示目的，可以置于句首或句末，置于句首时通常用逗号与其他部分隔开。①Youmustdoeverythingyoucantohelpthem.你必须尽最大努力帮助他们。②Tosearchforthelostplane,thelocalgovernmentsentouthundredsofpeople.为了寻找那架失踪的飞机，当地政府派出了好几百人。三、其他形式有时为了加强语气，可在不定式前加inorder和soas，即构成inorderto和soasto，但soasto不能放在句首。①Shestudiedveryhardinorderto/soastopasstheexam.为了通过考试，她非常努力地学习。②Inordertocatchthefirstbustowork,hegetsupearlyeveryday.为赶早班车去上班，他每天起得很早。四、否定式不定式的否定结构应在不定式符号to前加否定词not，构成nottodo,inordernottodo或soasnottodo结构。Istudiedinmysparetimeinordernotto/soasnottofallbehindothers.为了不落在别人后面，我业余时间都在学习。[特别提醒]不定式表示目的时，它的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语；若不是，就用for结构表示逻辑主语。Hespokeslowlyforustofollowhim.他说得很慢为的是让我们跟上他。[考情分析]非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点语法项目。2在近五年高考中，非谓语动词的考查每年都有所涉及，为高频出现题型，其中非谓语动词中涉及的语态和时态问题应重点掌握，并能识别谓语动词和非谓语动词，掌握非谓语动词作宾语、定语、状语、补语时的区别以及非谓语动词各种构成形式、所表示的时间和逻辑关系，现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。批语非谓语动词中的现在分词和过去分词都不能作目的状语。[即时训练1]单句填空1．To_catch(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2．To_be(be)aneffectivelearner,youmusthavegoodstudystrategies.3．To_do(do)theexperiment,youneedthreethings.4．To_learn(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.语法二结果状语从句基本用法结果状语从句用来补充说明主句中谓语的动作发生的结果，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。结果状语从句一般放在句末，通常由so,sothat,so...that...,such...that...引导。本模块主要学习由so...that...和such...that...引导的结果状语从句。1．so＋adj./adv.＋that...和so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...结构①Theyplayedsohappilythattheyforgotthetime.他们玩得如此愉快以至于忘了时间。②Heissogoodaboythatwealllikehim.他是如此好的一个男孩以至于我们都喜欢他。[特别提醒]当名词前有表示“多、少”概念的many,much,few,little时，其前用so修饰(若little意为“小”，则用such修饰)。①IhavesolittlemoneythatIhavetofindanotherjob.我的钱如此少以至于我不得不再找份工作。②ThereweresomanyinterestingbooksthatIdidn'tknowwhichtochoose.有那么多有趣的书，我不知道该选哪本了。2.such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...和such＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that...结构①ThisissuchaninterestingbookthatIliketoreadit.3这是一本如此有趣的书以至于我很喜欢读它。②It'ssuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.天气如此之好，以至于我们都想去公园。[特别提醒]1．sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，相当于inorderthat，且从句中常有may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。Hegotupearlysothathecouldgettoschoolontime.他起得很早，以便能准时到校。2．倒装结构：为强调so...that...结构中的形容词或副词，可以把so放在句首，主句用部分倒装结构。①Soexcitedwashethathecouldn'tfallasleepthewholenight.他兴奋得整夜无法入眠。②Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryoneheardhimclearly.他说话声音很大，每个人都听得清楚。[考情分析]状语从句包括时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、目的和结果状语从句。高考中状语从句的考查主要集中在对连词的含义及其用法的掌握上，并能区别一些连词。同时注重考查状语从句的时态和省略。考查不同的连词在不同的语境中所表示的不同意义也是重点。当然，结果状语从句是考点之一，该考点的难点是正确判断so...that...和such...that...结构的区别以及so和such的选择。[高考佳句]Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Natalie的学校损毁如此严重，她只能暂时上布鲁克林的学校。[即时训练2]单句填空1．Peopleinancienttimessetdownaseriesofimportanteventssothatwenowhavewhatiscalledhistory.2．I'llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.3．Theyhadsomuchdifficultyinkeepingintouchwitheachotherthattheydecidedtomovetothesamecity.4．Sohotwasitthatallwentswimming.5．Therewassolittlewaterleftthatonlychildrenweregivensome.4Ⅰ.用so或such完成句子1．Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwentforanouting.2．Theyweresuchaddictivedrugsthatdruguserscouldn'tstopusingthem.3．Heissuchalittleboythathecan'tdresshimself.4．Themanwassopoorthathecouldn'taffordthebighouse.5．Thereweresomanybeautifulthingsthatwedidn'tknowwhichonetochoose.6．Theyaresuchgoodvillagersthatwegetonwellwiththem.7．Heissuchaniceboythatpeoplealllikehim.8．Heissoniceaboythatwealllikehim.9．Wemadesofewmistakesthatwewerepraisedbyourteacher.10．Hewaslateforschoolagainsothathewasscoldedbytheteacher.Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1．I'mproudto_learn(learn)thatShenzhouIXwassentupintospacesuccessfully.2．Hehurriedtothesupermarket,onlyto_find(find)themilkhadbeensoldout.3．Iransoasnot_to_be(be)latefortheimportantmeeting.4．To_know(know)moreinformationabouttheproduct,youcancallmeatanytime.5．Thereporterhurriedtotherestaurant,onlyto_be_told(tell)thestarhadleft.Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Oneyear,oursonJay,1.________wassixyearsold,askedforanewsoundsystem.“Pleasebringmeanewstereo(立体声音响)soIdon'thavetolistentomydad'soldmusic，”hetoldtheshop'sSanta.HismotherandIknew2.________todonext.3．________ChristmasEve,weaskedJaytosleepinourbedatthebackofthehouse,wherethesoundofSantawouldn'twake4.________.Ispentthewholenightputtingtogetherthatstereointhesparebedroom.Atonepoint,ItookabreaktomoveJayfromourbedtohis—hewasafraidthatSantamightthinkhewasn'thomeandwouldforget5.________(leave)presents.HemovedabitwhileIcarriedhim6.________neveropenedhiseyes.Atlast,I57.________(finish)thestereoandputitbythetree.RobinandIfell8.________(sleep)earlythatChristmasmorning,filledwith9.________(satisfy).At7am,JaywokeusupandledustotheChristmastreeinthehall.Hefellinlovewith10.________soundsystem.1．答案与解析：who设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Jay，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who。2．答案与解析：what此处表示“听到我儿子对商店里的圣诞老人索要礼物后，他妈妈和我就知道接下来该做什么了”。what引导宾语从句。3．答案与解析：On在具体时间前需用介词on。onChristmasEve意为“在圣诞前夜”。4．答案与解析：him此处指代Jay作宾语，him符合语境。5．答案与解析：toleaveforgettodosth.意为“忘记去做某事”；forgetdoingsth.意为“忘记做过某事”。此处指他担心圣诞老人会忘记给他送礼物，所以用不定式形式。6．答案与解析：but根据句意可知此处表示转折语气，故用并列连词but。7．答案与解析：finished根据语境可知此处是在讲述发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。8．答案与解析：asle