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1SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage►核心词汇诠释1.inaddition另外；也(经典佳句)Inaddition,theelderlyareusuallythefirsttotastethefoodservedonthetable.此外，在中国老年人是最先品尝端上桌的食物。inaddition“另外”，相当于副词inadditionto“除……以外(还)”，用作介词短语①Theproductsareofhighquality.Inaddition,thepriceislow.这些产品质量很好，另外，价格低廉。②Inadditiontofood,Iboughtyousomebooks.除了食物，我还给你买了些书。[即学即练]对比填空：inaddition/inadditionto(1)In_addition,_wewouldgainsomeexperience.(2)_In_addition_tohishomework,hedidmanyexercises.名师指津：inaddition的同义词：besides;what'smore2.sortout分类；整理；拣出(经典例句)Hespentanhoursortingouttheemailshehadreceived.他花了一个小时整理他所收到的电子邮件。allsortsof各种各样的sortof有点儿，有几分①Haveyousortedsomethingoutfortomorrownight？明天晚上安排了什么活动吗？②Inmyopinion,heissortofstubborn.依我看来，他有点儿固执。[即学即练]单句写作Tobehonest,it's_very_difficult_to_sort_outthepapersthatcanbethrown2away.诚实地说，把可以扔掉的文件选出来很困难。归纳助记：“v＋out”短语荟萃lookout当心pickout挑选sellout卖光putout扑灭findout查明“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句[新知导引]1．(教材原句P34)However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.2．(教材原句P2)However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ，towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.3．(教材原句P34)Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,for_whichtheyarepaidincash.4．(教材原句P34)Theymaystartasagroupofhighschoolstudents,for_whompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone'shouseisthefirststeptofame.[共性呈现]1．以上四个句子都使用了“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词若指物，那么介词后的关系代词用which；若指人，则用whom。2．以上四个句子中，第①句是限制性定语从句，第②③④句是非限制性定语从句。[语法精释]一、基本构成在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替。①TherecomesTom,forwhomIhavebeenwaitinganhourorso.汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。②HehandedmeapenwithwhichIwrotedownhisphonenumber.3他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。③Theuniversityinwhichmybrotheroncestudiedisveryfamous.我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名气。[即时演练1]用“介词＋关系代词”填空(1)Ourschoolisverybeautiful,of_whichwearegreatlyproud.(2)Thankyouforyourhelp,without_whichwecouldn'thavefinisheditontime.(3)Thisisthemanfrom_whomIlearnedalotinmylife.(4)WangHong,with_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyedherselfverymuch.二、介词不能提前的情况有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listento,lookat,dependon,lookfor,payattentionto,takecareof,lookafter,takepartin,callon,catchupwith,getalongwith,hearof,lookforwardto等。①Thismustbethekeythatsheislookingfor.这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。②Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。③Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweheardof.我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。[即时演练2]补全句子(1)AsfarasIknow,heisamanwho_is_hard_to_get_along_with(很难相处)．(2)Thisisthebabywhom/that_my_grandma_takes_care_of(我奶奶照看的)．三、“介词＋关系代词”的拓展1．复杂介词＋关系代词用于该结构中的关系代词有which,whom和whose。常用的复杂介词有becauseof,infrontof,asaresultof等。①Hewasbadlyhurtintheaccident,becauseofwhichhedidn'tgotowork.他在事故中严重受伤。因此，他没去上班。②Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsataboy.他们来到一座农舍，农舍前面坐着一个男孩。2．表部分或整体概念的“代词＋of＋关系代词”表示部分与整体概念的代词有both,all,neither,none,either,some,any,most,few,half等。①Chinahaslotsofislands,oneofwhichisHainanIsland.中国有很多岛屿，其中之一是海南岛。4②Theoldmanhasthreesons,allofwhomcareabouthim.那位老人有3个儿子，他们都很关心他。[即时演练3]补全句子(1)Therearesixtystudentsinourclassinall,most_of_whom_are_from_villages(他们中的多数都来自农村)．(2)Twogirlscametoseethecar,neither_of_whom(她们中没有一个)likesit.(3)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_of_which(它们中的80%)aresoldabroad.(4)Hewasillyesterday,as_a_result_of_which(由于这些/这个)hecouldn'tgotoschool.3．the＋名词＋of＋关系代词此结构用来代替“whose＋名词”，也可用“ofwhichthe＋名词”。Theydoexperimentsinalab,thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsfacesouth.他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。[即时演练4]补全句子(1)Therearetwobuildings,the_larger_of_whichstandsnearlyahundredfeethigh.有两栋建筑物，其中较大的那栋建筑物将近有100英尺高。(2)Isawsometrees,theleavesofwhichwereblackbecauseofdisease.→Isawsometrees,whose_leaveswereblackbecauseofdisease.→Isawsometrees,of_which_the_leaveswereblackbecauseofdisease.我看到一些树，由于生病树叶是黑的。4．关系副词when,where,why可用“介词＋which”来代替①Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wemetforthefirsttime.我依然还记得我们第一次相遇的那一天。②Thepolicesearchedthehousewhere(＝inwhich)thethiefhadstayed.警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。③Idon'tknowthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heperformedbadly.我不知道他为什么表现差。[即时演练5]句型转换(1)Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.→Weareinapositionin_whichwemaylosealargesumofmoney.(2)Wearelookingforwardtothedaywhenwewillgettogether.5→Wearelookingforwardtothedayon_whichwewillgettogether.(3)Idon'tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.→Idon'tknowthereasonfor_whichthehouseissodirty.四、theway后定语从句的关系词way表示“方法，方式”时，其后的定语从句有两种情况：1．theway的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用that和which均可，作宾语时可省略。Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftopreventtheairpollutionwasverygood.他想出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。(关系词代替theway在定语从句中用作thoughtof的宾语)2．theway的关系词在定语从句中作方式状语时，用that或inwhich均可，现代英语倾向于省略关系词。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.我不喜欢你同你母亲说话的方式。[即时演练6]关系词填空(1)Thevillagersthoughthighlyofthewayin_which/thatwetreatedthebeggar.(2)Thewaythat/whichyoutoldmewasn'tpractical.(3)Hesuggestedsettlingtheprobleminawaywhich/thatwaspeaceful.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．WeareverygratefultoMr.Li,withoutwhosehelpwecouldn'tfinishthetaskaheadoftime.2．TheGreenshavetwogirls,bothofwhomhavebeenadmittedtothekeyuniversity.3．Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.4．Thechildren,allofwhomhadplayedthewholedaylong,weretired.5．Thisist