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1SectionⅢGrammar—复习被动语态语法图解探究发现①Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcostumes.②Theywereputintoprisonbecausetheyhadbrokenthelaw.③Today,carnivalinVeniceiscelebratedforfivedaysinFebruary.④Ithinktheproblemcanbesolvedsoon.⑤Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.⑥Carswillbesentabroadbysea.⑦Hesaidallthetaskhadbeenfinishedbylastweek.⑧Thiskindofclotheswasheseasilyandsellswell.[我的发现](1)找出①～⑦句中的被动语态结构①are_booked②were_put_into_prison③is_celebrated④can_be_solved⑤are_being_broadcast⑥will_be_sent⑦had_been_finished(2)以上句子中，⑧句是用主动形式表示被动意义。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。一般来说，只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态。一、使用被动语态的情况2①不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者②突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示而使用被动语态MrWhite,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.怀特老师，那个装有混合液的杯子课后被打破了。Thenovelwaswrittenbyahighschoolstudent.这部小说是由一个高中生写的。[巧学助记]谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。二、各种时态的被动语态形式时态名称被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are＋过去分词一般过去时was/were＋过去分词一般将来时will/shall＋be＋过去分词过去将来时would＋be＋过去分词现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋过去分词过去进行时was/were＋being＋过去分词现在完成时have/has＋been＋过去分词过去完成时had＋been＋过去分词[即时演练1]用所给动词的被动语态形式填空①(2017·北京高考改编)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphoneshadn’t_been_invented(not,invent)yet.②(2016·四川高考)Thegiantpandais_loved(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.③(2015·福建高考改编)Tomydelight,Iwas_chosen(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.④Thiskindofchocolatehas_been_made(make)severaltimessofar.⑤Morestudentswill_be_admitted(admit)tothisuniversitynextyear.⑥Anewroadis_being_built(build)andisexpectedtoopennextmonth.三、被动语态的特殊形式31．含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”。Sheshouldbetaughthowtooperatethecomputer.应该教给她如何操作电脑。2．“get＋动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。Theboygothurtwhenhewasridingtoschool.那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。3．动词不定式的被动语态①一般式tobedone：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之后发生或与其同时发生②完成式tohavebeendone：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前Thebookissaidtobepublishedsoon.据说这本书很快就会出版。Heseemedtohavebeentoldthebadnews.看起来已有人告诉过他这个坏消息了。[即时演练2]完成句子①Allthelettersshould_be_answeredimmediately.所有信件均应立刻回复。②Theoperationmust_be_doneatonce.必须马上做手术。③Nobodygot_hurt/injuredintheaccident.没有人在这次事故中受伤。④Thecomputerseemsto_have_been_usedalready.Canyougivemeanewone?这台电脑好像已经被用过。你能给我一台新的吗？四、主动形式表达被动意义1．动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,turn,fall,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表达被动意义。Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.这栋建筑看上去很美。2．表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,open,stop,move等，用主动形式表达被动意义。Theshopopensat8：00inthemorningeveryday.商店每天上午八点开始营业。3．表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read,write,sell,wash,lock等，用主动形式4表达被动意义。ThenewbookofGuoJingmingsellswell.郭敬明的新书卖得很好。4．beworth后跟动名词形式，用主动形式表达被动含义；need,want,require等词表示“需要……”，且物作主语时，后接doing,用主动形式表达被动含义，相当于tobedone。Themovieisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。Therumourneedsclarifying/tobeclarified.谣言需要澄清。5．betoblame或betolet也是主动形式表示被动意义。Heistoblameforthebrokenwindow.因为打破了窗户他应该受到责备。6．在“be＋形容词＋todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义；动词不定式在名词后作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.这种水不适合饮用。I’llgiveyousomethingtoread.我将给你一些东西读。[即时演练3](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Ihavealotofreadingsto_complete(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.②Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasantto_deal(deal)with.③Withsomuchworkto_do(do),Ihavenotimetogotothecinema.④Theproblemisworthdiscussing(discuss)again.⑤Thesouptastes(taste)alittlesourandalittlesweet.(2)完成句子①Thatdriverwas_to_blamefortheaccident.那位司机应对此事故负责。②Thehouseneedsrepairing/to_be_repaired.这座房子需要修理。③Heisn’teasyto_get_along_with.5他不易相处。④Theclothwashes_easily.这布很好洗。⑤Thematerialfeels_very_soft.这种材料摸起来很软。五、主动语态变成被动语态1．将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态，其后可接by介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。Theteacheraskedhimtoanswerthequestion.老师让他回答问题。(变成被动语态)→Hewasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher.2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为“疑问词＋一般疑问句”。Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?他们在哪儿种菜？(变成被动语态)→Wherewerevegetablesgrownbythem?3．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。Hetoldusastory.他给我们讲了一个故事。(变成被动语态)→Weweretoldastorybyhim.＝Astorywastoldtousbyhim.Hermotherboughtheracomputer.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。(变成被动语态)→Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.＝Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.4．若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她将会照顾好这些孩子。(变成被动语态)→Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.6[即时演练4]将下列句子改为被动句①Youmustswitchonthelightwhenyouentertheroom.→The_light_must_be_switched_on_when_you_enter_the_room.②TheboymadeJennyhelpworkouttheproblem.→Jenny_was_made_to_help_work_out_the_problem_by_the_boy.③Franceproducesagreatdealofwineforexport.→A_great_deal_of_wine_is_produced_by_France_for_export.④Theboy’sgoodbehaviourdeeplyimpressedme.→I_was_deeply_impressed_by_the_boy’s_good_behaviour.⑤Weexpectyoutofinishtheworkintime.→You_are_expected_to_finish_the_work_in_time_by_us.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Englishis_spoken(speak)allovertheworld,soitiscalledtheuniversallanguage.2．Theorganizationwas_founded(found)bythegovernmentthreeyearsagotohelpthosehomelesspeople.3．Largequantitiesofmoneyhave_been_spent(spend)insearchingforacureforthisterriblediseasesofar.4．Overthepastfewyears,alargenu