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1SectionⅢGrammar—构词法语法图解探究发现①Hewasnamedtheirmostvaluedplayerfivetimes.②Let'shaveaswim.③Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.④Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautiful.⑤impossiblemisunderstanddisagree⑥huntermovementinvention[我的发现](1)①句中，name通常为名词，此处用作动词。(2)②句中，swim通常为动词，此处用作名词。(3)③句中，better通常为形容词，此处用作动词。(4)④句中，black通常为形容词，此处用作名词。(5)⑤中，黑体部分为前缀；⑥中，黑体部分为后缀。前者一般不会改变一个词的词性，后者往往改变一个词的词性。一、词的转化1．概念：由一种词类转化为另一种词类，称为词的转化。2．常见的词类转化形式：(1)动词→名词2Hewantedtotastethesoupandknowthetasteofit.他想尝尝汤，知道汤的味道。Wepumpwaterfromawelltowaterthecabbageseverynight.我们每天晚上从井里抽水浇白菜。(2)名词→动词Willyoupleasegivemeahandandhandmethebook?你帮我一下，把那本书递给我好吗？Thenursenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.这名护士看护她的丈夫，使他恢复了健康。(3)形容词→动词Tomakethesentencecorrect,youmustcorrectthemistakesinthesentence.为了使句子正确，你必须改正句中的错误。Theteacheraskedthestudentstokeepquietandtheclassroomquieteddownimmediately.老师要求学生保持安静，教室里立刻静了下来。(4)形容词→名词Wewatchedthefinalgame,thatistosay,wewatchedthefinal.我们看了最后的比赛，也就是说，我们看了决赛。Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautifulandshelikeswearingblackclothes.穿黑衣服的那个女孩看上去很漂亮，她喜欢穿黑色的衣服。[即时演练1]写出下列黑体单词的词性和词义①(2017·浙江高考)Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.n.答案②Thehallcanseattwothousandpeople.v.容纳③Thosewhodowrongshouldbepunished.n.坏事④Washanddryyourhandsbeforeyoueatmeal.v.擦干(5)其他词类转化情况outadv.往外，向外→n.托词；出路southn．南方→adv.向南，朝南upadv.在上面→n.增长upstairsn．楼上→adv.在楼上Comedowntouswecan'thearyouupstairs.下来到我们这儿来，你在楼上我们听不清楚。[即时演练2]完成句子3①Thecasehasbeenemptiedforthesebooks.箱子已经被倒空用来装这些书。②Itwillfreeusofawholelotofdebt.它会使我们摆脱巨额债务。③Sheslowedthecarandbegandrivingupanarrowroad.她放慢车速，开始驶上一条狭窄的道路。④Jeremywantssomepeaceandquietbeforehisbigmatch.杰里米希望在大赛来临之前能享受到些许平静和安宁。⑤Thecompanieshaveatotalof776employees.这些公司总计有776名员工。⑥Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoretonarrowthegapbetweenthemsothattheycanunderstandeachotherbetter.家长们和孩子们应该多交流以缩小他们之间的代沟，以便他们能更好地了解彼此。二、词的派生1．概念：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的方法叫派生法。2．常用前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis，il，im，in，ir，mis，non，un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead引入歧途stop停下→nonstop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a(多构成表语形容词),anti(反对；抵抗),auto(自动),co(共同),en(使),inter(互相),re(再；又),sub(下面的；次；小),tele(强调距离)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的Internet互联网subway地铁telephone电话autochart自动图表enjoy使高兴reuse再使用，重复使用cooperate合作[即时演练3]根据汉语提示，运用所学前缀知识写出正确的单词①agree→disagree(不同意)②ability→inability(无能；无力)③understand→misunderstand(误解；误会)4④profit→nonprofit(非营利的)⑤social→antisocial(反社会的)⑥depend→interdependent(相互依赖的)⑦set→reset(调整；重新设置)⑧danger→endanger(使遭危险)3．常用后缀(1)名词后缀常用后缀例词意义er,or,ist,ee，ian,ss,antreporter,musician，assistant人(可数)er,orcooker,calculator器具(可数)ness,y,th,domdifficulty,truth性质或状态(t)ion,(s)ion,ing,ment,aldiscussion,building，arrival动作、过程或结果hoodchildhood,womanhood时代[即时演练4]用所给词的适当形式填空①Theladyisoneofthegreatestnovelists(novel)alive.②Thegovernor(govern)wasleavingameetingwithUSofficialswhenhewasshot.③It'sdifficulttotellthedifference(different)betweenthetwowords.④Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomeamusician(music)．⑤Theteacherwaspleasedwithherhonesty(honest)．(2)形容词后缀①“名词＋后缀”构成的形容词：名词＋ic/icalchemical,electric,electrical,historic,historical,physical名词＋alnational,natural名词＋ishfoolish,childish,womanish名词＋lybrotherly,friendly,weekly名词＋engolden,wooden,woolen名词＋erneastern,northern名词＋yrainy,cloudy,dusty,funny名词＋ousdangerous,famous5名词＋lessendless,homeless,hopeless②“动词＋后缀”构成的形容词：动词＋edexcited,tired,interested动词＋ingsurprising,interesting,astonishing动词＋ablecomfortable,enjoyable,acceptable动词＋ive/fic/oryactive,terrific,preparatory[即时演练5]写出下列单词的形容词形式①nature→natural②fool→foolish③gold→golden④care→careful⑤excite→excited/exciting⑥enjoy→enjoyable(3)动词后缀后缀en(使成为、变得),fy(使得、变成),is(z)e(成为、使)例词wide→widen加宽，beauty→beautify美化，real→realize意识到，organ→organize组织(4)副词后缀常用后缀例词意义lyhappily,suddenly,strangely以……方式ward(s)backward(s),forward(s)，afterward(s),eastward(s)表示方式或动作的方向有的形容词的副词有两种形式，一种和形容词同形，一种加后缀构成副词。原形副词表示具体的含义，而加后缀ly组成的副词表示抽象的含义。例如：Thetunnelleddeepunderthemountains.这条隧道在群山深处穿过。Herlieshurtmyfatherdeeply.她的谎言深深地伤害了我父亲。[即时演练6]完成句子①Hecameupwithaprogramtobeautifythenation'shighways.他提出了一个美化国内公路的计划。②Thecityiswideningthestreet.该城市正在拓宽这条街。6③We'llorganizeanoralEnglishcontest.我们将筹划一次英语口语比赛。④Hedrovedirectlytoschool.他开车直接去学校。Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Manisshortofnatural(nature)resourcesnow.Theyreallyrequiretobeprotected.2．Bereasonable(reason)—youcan'texpectmetofinishallthisworkinsolittletime.3．Oh,theroastchickenreallytastesdelicious!Ihavenevereatensuchtasty(taste)dish.4．Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy(health),wealthy(wealth)andwise.5．Shewasevenmorebeautiful(beauty)thanIhadexpected.6．Youwillmakemistakes(mistake)ifyoudothingsinahurry.7．Themurdererisdangerous(danger)withagunonhim.8．Thehomelessboyexperiencedendless(end)hardshipsanddifficultiesduringhisgrowth.9．Today,freshfruitfromthesetreesisshipped(ship)fromonecountrytoanother.10．Hefooled(fool)alotofpeopleintobelievingthathewasanhoneststatesman.Ⅱ.完成句子1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'mdelightedtoknowyouareinterestedinTangpoems.我很高兴得知你对唐诗感兴趣。2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)PapercuttingisatraditionalartforminChina,whichhasahistoryofm