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1Module1SmallTalkSomepeopleseemtobegoodconversationalistsandcanchatupanyonewithinlisteningdistancewhileothersliveinfearoftalkingtosomeonetheydon'tknow.Learningtostartaconversationneedstoknowafewbasicrulesandtakealittlebitofpractice.Youneedtounderstandthatyouarenotalone.Manypeoplesufferfromshynessaroundstrangersorpeopletheybarelyknow.Actually,youdon'thavetobeextremelyclevertostartaconversation.Simplystartingoutbyjustgreetingtheotherpersonandintroducingyourselfisagoodwaytoshowfriendlinessandthewillingnesstobreaktheice.Morepeoplewillrespondbettertoapersonwithgoodmannersthantosomeonewhotriestoohardtoimpress.Thereisnothingwrongwithbeingpreparedbeforewalkingintoasocialsituationwhereyou'llneedtomakeconversation.Doingalittlebitofhomeworkcanmakeabigdifferencewhenyouhavenoconfidencetoapproachsomeoneyoudon'tknoworfindyourselfstandinginthecornerafraidyou'llmakeafoolofyourselfifyouopenyourmouth.Youshouldfirsttrytofindoutwhowillbepresentandlearnatleastonethingabouteachperson.Havingafewcomfortableopeninglinescanpreventbecomingtonguetied.Someexamplesare,“Howlonghaveyouworkedforthecompany？”“Howlonghaveyouknownthehost？”and“Haveyouhadachancetoenjoyallthisniceweatherwe'vebeenhaving？”Practisingshakinghandswithyourfamily,orbestfriendisalsohelpful.Smilewarmlytoshowhowfriendlyyouare.Awarmsmileisoneofthebesticebreakersyoucanpossiblyoffer.Beingfriendlyismuchmoreimpressivethanstartingaconversationtoshowoffyourwisdom.Openingwithafewkindwordscanbemuchsaferthantryingtomaketheotherpersonlaughbecausehumorissosubjective(主观的)．Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Prereading[原文呈现]HowGoodAreYourSocialSkills?2Haveyouevercrossedtheroadtoavoidtalking①tosomeoneyourecognise?Wouldyoulovetogotoapartyandtalkconfidently②toeveryguest?Doyouwanttomakemorefriends③butlack④theconfidencetotalktopeopleyoudon'tknow⑤？Andareyounervousabout⑥theideaofbeingatasocialeventinanothercountry?Don'tworry—wecanhelpyou!Youneedn't⑦worryaboutsituations⑧liketheseifyouhavegoodsocialskills.Andtheyareeasytolearn⑨.Peoplewithgoodsocialskillscommunicatewellandknowhowtohaveaconversation⑩.Ithelpsifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning⑪.Hereareafewideastohelpyou.[读文清障]①avoiddoingsth.避免做某事avoid后接动名词作宾语，不可接动词不定式。②confidently/'kɒnfIdntli/adv.自信地③makefriends交朋友，建立友谊makefriendswith与……交朋友④lack/læk/v．缺乏，缺少⑤youdon'tknow为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词people。⑥(be)nervousabout对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯⑦needn't没有必要，不必⑧situationn．情景，情形⑨beeasytolearn易于学习⑩haveaconversation交谈⑪advance/əd'vɑːns/adj.预先的，在前的doplanning做计划，做准备你的社交技能有多高？[第1～3段译文]你是否做过这样的事情：看见认识的人以后，故意过马路以避免与其说话？你是否愿意参加聚会并自信地和每位来宾交谈？你是否想结交更多的朋友但又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心？你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安？别担心——我们能帮助你！如果你具备了良好的社交技能，你就不用担心这样的情景。而且这些技能是容易学习的。具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样交谈。要是预先做些准备，将会对你有所帮助。下面为帮助你出些主意。Learnhowtodosmalltalk3Smalltalkisveryimportantandpreparesyouformoreseriousconversations⑫.Beprepared!Havesomelowrisk⑬conversationopenersready.Forexample：·thinkof⑭arecentnewsstory—nottooserious,e．g.astoryaboutafilmstarorsportsstar·thinkofthingstotellpeopleaboutyourstudies·thinkof“safe”thingsyoucanaskpeople'sopinionsabout⑮—music,sport,films,etc.·thinkoftopicsthatyouwouldavoidifyouweretalkingtostrangers⑯—andavoidtalkingaboutthem!Thatway⑰，youdon'tdamageyourconfidence！,⑫preparesb.forsth.使某人对某事有所准备⑬lowriskadj.低风险的，不太会出错的⑭thinkof想起，回忆起⑮youcanaskpeople'sopinionsabout为定语从句，修饰things。引导词that或which在从句中作about的宾语，在此被省略。⑯thatyouwouldavoid...为定语从句，修饰先行词topics;if从句中be动词用了were，这是虚拟语气的用法。⑰thatway作方式状语，其前面省略了介词in。[第4段译文]学会怎样聊天聊天是很重要的，并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。有备无患！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。例如：·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃，譬如，一个有关电影明星或体育明星的故事,·想出一些有关你学习的事情告诉别人·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐、体育、电影等·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样，你的自信心就不会被伤害了！4Develop⑱yourlisteningskillsListeningisaskillwhichmostpeoplelack⑲，butcommunicationisatwoway⑳process○21—itinvolves○22speakingANDlistening.Alwaysremember—youwon'timpress○23peopleifyoutalktoomuch.Herearesomeideastomakeyouabetterlistener：Do...·showthatyouarelisteningbyusingencouraging○24noisesandgestures—smiling,nodding○25，saying“uhhuh”and“OK”，etc.·keepgoodeyecontact○26·usepositivebodylanguage○27·askfor○28moreinformationtoshowyourinterestDon't...·lookatyourwatch·yawn○29·sigh○30·lookawayfrom○31thepersonwho'stalkingtoyou·changethesubject○32·finishotherpeople'ssentencesforthemAlwaysrememberthewordsofBenjaminDisraeli,BritishPrimeMinister○33inthe19thcentury:“Talktoamanabouthimself,andhewillspeaktoyouforhours！”⑱developvt.提高，使……发展；培养；培育；开采；冲洗⑲which引导定语从句，修饰askill。⑳twowayadj.双向的○21processn．过程○22involvev．涉及，牵连，常用involvedoingsth.表示“涉及做某事”。beinvolvedin卷入……中，涉及beinvolvedwith和……有联系○23impressv．给……留下印象impresssth.onsb.使某人了解某事impresssb.withsth.某事给某人留下印象○24encouragingadj.令人鼓舞的，激励的encouragementn．鼓舞，鼓励，支持encouragesb.todosth.鼓励/激励某人做某事○25nod/nɒd/v．点头5○26contactn．&v．联系，接触keepincontactwith与……保持联系○27bodylanguage身体语言，肢体语言○28askfor要求，询问asksb.forsth.向某人要某物○29yawn/jɔːn/v．打呵欠○30sigh/saI/v．叹气，叹息○31lookawayfrom把目光从……移开○32subjectn．话题；主题subject还可意为“学科，科目，课程；主语”。○33PrimeMinister首相[第5～8段译文]提高倾听的技能倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流是双向的过程——它包括说和听两个方面。永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：做下面的事情……·用一些鼓励的声音和姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑、点头、说“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等·保持得体的目光接触·使用积极肯定的肢体语言·询问