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1SectionⅢGrammar—复习名词性从句语法图解探究发现①WhatwefindoutfromspaceresearchisimportantforusonEarth.②It'swellknownthattheancientChineseinventedtherocket.③Wethinkitprobablethatheisdead.④Theteachershowedusthecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainedhowgravityworked.⑤Theyinsistedthateveryone(should)cometotheparty.⑥Theproposalthatwe(should)importmoreequipmentfromabroadistobediscussedatthemeeting.⑦Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.⑧Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.⑨Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.[我的发现](1)①②句为主语从句，③④⑤句为宾语从句，⑥⑦句为同位语从句，⑧⑨句为表语从句。(2)②③⑤⑥⑧句中的引导词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，①⑨句中的引导词为连接代词，④⑦句中的引导词为连接副词。(3)②③句中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。(4)⑤句中的that可省略，其他句中的that一般不可省略。(5)⑤⑥句中的从句使用了虚拟语气。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词1．that(1)that只起连接词作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。2Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他还活着全靠运气。JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。(2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。②当动词后带有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。Theteachertoldthestudents(that)theyshouldhandintheirhomeworkthenextdayandthatthehomeworkmustbesignedbytheirparents.老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。Thefactthathehasfullyrecoveredmakesmefeelgood.他已痊愈，真令我高兴。2．whether/if(1)if，whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。(2)whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether：①whether引导主语从句并放在句首。②引导表语从句、同位语从句。③whether从句作介词宾语。④从句后有“ornot”。⑤后接动词不定式时。Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。[即时演练1]用that/whether/if填空①Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsthisyearistrue.②Whetherhecanfinishthistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.3③Thestudentsaskedthequestionif/whetherthebookwasworthreading.④Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.⑤Idon'tknowif/whetherhestilllivesthereaftersomanyyears.⑥Weareinterestedinwhetheryouwillattendthemeeting.⑦Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.⑧Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.3．疑问词who,whom,whose,what,which,where,why,when,how疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：(1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；(2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。Doyouknowwhomtheyarelookingfor?你知道他们在找谁吗？Idon'tknowwhodidit.我不知道这是谁干的。[即时演练2]选词填空who，whom，whose，what，which，where，why，when，how①IhavenoideawhyMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversity;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.②Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonderhowmuchtheycost.③Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.④Ifitiswhatweneed,wewillbuyit.⑤Theproblemiswhowecangettosolvethisquestion.⑥Astrawshowswhichwaythewindblows.⑦Haveyoudecidedwhomyouaretoelectasyourassistant?⑧Iwonderwhosebookthisis.⑨Idon'tknowwhereLuXunoncelived.4．whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever引导名词性从句的用法whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever,whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anythingthat,whoever＝anyonewho。Iwilljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就说什么。Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.4谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。[即时演练3]选词填空whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever①I'llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.②Idon'tletmychildrendowhatevertheylike.③Hewasfreetomarrywhomeverhechose.④Whicheverofyoucomesfirstwillreceiveaprize.二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句1．that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。Ititquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很显然，整个计划注定要失败。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非离开不可，真是遗憾。2．whether/who/what...等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。Ititnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.还没决定谁做那项工作。Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。3．动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.我认为你最好待在这儿。4．有些动词如：have,take(认为),put(表达),like,seeto等＋形式宾语it＋that从句。Ilikeitthatyoucame.你来了，我很高兴。Itakeit(that)hewillcomeontime.我认为他会准时来的。5．表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等＋it＋when(if)从句。Ilikeitwhenpeopleareopenandstraight.我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。Ireallyappreciateitwhensheofferedtohelp.5如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。Iwouldpreferitifyouwouldnotusesuchamockingtone.如果你不使用这么一种嘲弄的口吻，我会更喜欢。[即时演练4]单句语法填空①Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofwatereveryday.②Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.③IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.④Itisdoubtfulwhetherhewillcomehere.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·江苏高考)WechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdowntoD|S20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.2．(2017·天津高考)Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.3．(2017·北京高考)Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.4．(2017·北京高考)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetreelinedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem，especiallywhenyou'reraisingchildren.6．(2016·北京高考)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.7．(2016·四川高考)Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.8．(2015·北京高考)Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.9．(2015·重庆高考)Wemustfindoutw