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1SectionⅡWelcometotheunit&Reading—LanguagePoints[学生用书P58]foundvt.(founded,founded)兴建，创建，设立(教材P42)Thecitywasfoundedinthe8thcenturyBC.这座城市创建于公元前8世纪。foundon/upon建立在……之上，以……为基础或根据foundationn.创立，设立，基础foundern.创立者，创办人①Agoodrelationshiphastobefoundedontrust.良好的关系必须建立在信任的基础上。②Mr.Smithfoundedalibraryandahospitalinthetown.史密斯先生在这座镇上建了一个图书馆和一家医院。③Theirmarriagewas_founded(found)onloveandrespect.他们的婚姻建立在爱情和尊重的基础上。④Thechildwaseventuallyfoundsafeandwell.小孩最终被找到了，安然无恙。[巧学活用]——单句改错(1)Foundingintheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.Founding→Founded(2)Ifoundmyhopesofsuccessinmyownhardwork.in→on/uponpourvi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)(教材P42)On24AugustAD79，thevolcanoeruptedandlava,ashandrockspouredoutofitontothesurroundingcountryside.公元79年8月24日，火山喷发，火山岩浆，火山灰及岩石喷涌而出覆盖了周围的村庄。pourout奔涌；倾诉pourinto涌进pourdown倾泻，大雨倾盆①Shepouredcoffeeforeveryone.她为每个人倒了咖啡。2②Shepoured_outherworriesaboutherhusband’shealthtothedoctor.她向医生倾吐出自己对丈夫的健康的担心。③Lettershave_been_pouring_intotheofficecomplainingaboutthiskindofTVset.办公室连续收到大批信件抱怨这种电视机。④Ihadjustgothomewhentherainpoured_down．我刚到家，就在这时大雨倾盆而下。unfortunateadj.不幸的；遗憾的(经典例句)Itwasanunfortunateaccident.那是一次不幸的事故。(1)beunfortunatetodosth.做某事很不幸Itisunfortunatethat...不幸的是……；可惜的是……(2)unfortunatelyadv.不幸的是；遗憾的是(3)fortunen.财富；命运；运气fortunateadj.幸运的，吉祥的fortunatelyadv.幸运地①Wewilldoourbesttohelpthoseunfortunatepeople.我们将尽全力去帮助那些不幸的人们。②Iwasunfortunateenoughto_lose(lose)mykeys.我把钥匙丢了，真倒霉。③Itisunfortunate(fortunate)thatyoumissedthemeeting.真可惜，你错过了那次会议。[巧学活用]——用fortunate的适当形式完成句子Itisunfortunatetobestuckintherain.Evenunfortunately，wecouldn’tfindanyonetohelpus.Atlastwetriedourfortunetofindashortcut.Fortunatelywearrivedhomebeforedark.Sowewerealsofortunate．(fortunate)fleevt.&vi.(fled,fled)逃避，逃跑；迅速离开(教材P43)Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。3fleefrom从……逃跑fleeto/into逃到……fleeinalldirections四处逃窜①Duringthecivilwar,thousandsofpeoplefledthecountry.在内战期间，成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。②Thechildfledtohismother,lookingforsafety.那个小孩逃向他的妈妈，寻求安全。③Theenemysoldierswerefleeing_in_all_directions．敌军正四散而逃。destroyvt.毁坏；摧毁(教材P43)It’shardtoimaginehowthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!很难想象这座平静的火山是如何毁掉整座城市的！(1)destructionn．破坏，毁灭；摧毁(2)destructiveadj.破坏性的；毁灭性的①Anatombombwoulddestroyacity.一颗原子弹能摧毁一座城市。②Overhalftheworld’srainforestshave_been_destroyed(destroy)．世界上超过一半的热带雨林已经被毁坏。③Peopledestroyforestsandriversfortheirownbenefit.Theirdestructiveactivitiesarelikelytocausethedestructionoftheearth.(destroy)人们为了自己的利益而毁坏森林和河流。他们的破坏性活动很可能会导致对地球的破坏。remainsn．遗物，遗迹，遗骸(教材P43)Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedbeneaththesand...Sven发现了埋藏于沙子下面的建筑物遗迹……(1)remainvi.剩下，遗留，逗留remaintobedone有待于……(2)remainlinkingverb保持，仍然是(＋n./adj./prepphrase/doing/done)(3)remainingadj.剩余的(常作前置定语)4①Wefoundtheremainsofamealonthetable.我们在桌子上发现了剩下的饭菜。②Itremained(remains)asecret.这仍然是个秘密。③Alotofworkremainedto_be_done(do)．许多工作还有待完成。④Aftertheearthquake,veryfewhousesremainedstanding(stand)．地震之后几乎没有房子还矗立着。⑤Sheusedtheremaining(remain)50dollarstobuyhermotheraskirt.她用剩下的五十美元给她妈妈买了一条裙子。takeover夺取；接管；控制，管理；继承(教材P42)In89BC,theRomanstookoverPompeii.公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。takeback收回takedown写下，记下takein收留；吸收；领会；欺骗takeoff起飞；腾飞；受欢迎；脱下；休假；减去takeon雇用；呈现；承担takeup占据；拿起；从事；继续①Georgewilltakeoverhisfather’sbusinesssoon.乔治很快就要接管他父亲的事业了。②Wecouldhardlytake_inwhathewassaying.我们几乎不能理解他在说什么。③Whenthedelayedflightwilltake_offdependsmuchontheweather.延误的飞机什么时候起飞取决于天气情况。④Suchsmallthingstake_upalotofhistime.这些琐碎事情占去了他不少时间。turnout结果是，证明是；生产，制造；培养，训练；出动(以便集合，参加)(教材P43)Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。5turnout(tobe)＋adj./n.结果，证明是……Itturnsoutthat从句结果①Itturnedoutthatshewasafriendofmysister’s.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。②Itturnedoutthat_theywereoldacquaintances.他们原来是老相识。③Thenyouwillturnoutto_be(be)aluckydog,someday.然后某一天你会变成一个幸运儿。④TheEnglisheveningturned_outagreatsuccess.结果英语晚会开得很成功。breakdown毁掉；垮掉；分解；(身体)垮掉；失灵；(会谈等)失败(教材P43)Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。①Sugarbreaksdowninthestomach.糖在胃里被分解。②Herhealthbroke_downunderthepressureofwork.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。③Thewholetelephonesystembroke_downbecauseofthesuddenbigearthquake.由于突如其来的大地震，整个电话系统瘫痪了。④Thetalksbetweenthetwosideshave_broken_down．双方会谈已经失败了。(教材P42)Nearthecitywasavolcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。此句为完全倒装句，其正常语序为：Avolcanowasnearthecity.。全部倒装的条件：(1)表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如here，there，in，out，up，down，away，now，then等以及表示方位的介词短语置于句首时；(2)谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词；(3)句子的主语为名词。如果句子的主语为代词，主谓不倒装。6①Intothecompletesilenceofthewaitingclasscametheteacher’ssweetvoice，“Goodmorning，children.”在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”②—Look,herecomes_the_bus．——看，汽车来了。—Hereit_comes．——它确实来了。完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。[巧学活用]——句型转换(1)Asmallboyrushedfrombehindthedoor.→Frombehindthedoorrushed_a_small_boy．(2)Atalltreew