2020高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the s

-1-Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars三言两语1．Chinasentupitsfirstsatellitecompletelydesignedandbuiltbymiddleschoolstudentsin2017．2．Aftera21­hourtriptospace,theastronautlandedsafely,makingChinathethirdcountrytosendapersonintospaceafterRussiaandtheUSA.3．Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,itbeganwitha“BigBang”．1．一些科学家宣称他们找到了外星人在天空存在的证据。Somescientistsclaimedthattheyhadfoundsomeevidencethataliensexistedinspace．2．中国成功把第一位宇航员送往天空的消息曾震惊了整个世界。ThenewsthatChinahadmanagedtosendthefirstastronautintospaceonceshockedthewholeworld.[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．atmospheren．大气层；气氛2.exhaustvt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽3．thusadv.因此；于是4．gentleadj.温和的；文雅的5．climaten．气候6．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(crash)intothebackofabus.2．Hefoundsomethingfloating(float)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.3．Afterhisjourneyfromabroad，RichardJonesreturnedhome，exhausted(exhaust)．4．Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientifictheories(theory)mustbebasedonfacts.5．Myuncle'scarcaughtfirebytheroad.Fortunately,hewaspulled(pull)outofthecarbyapasser­by.-2-拖；牵引力8．floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物9．systemn．系统；体系；制度10．theoryn．学说；理论拓展单词1．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地2．likevt.喜欢prep.像→unlikeprep.与……不同；不像→dislikevt.不喜欢；讨厌3．harmn．&vt.伤害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的4．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在；生存5．puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzledadj.感到困惑的→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的6．religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的7．reactv．反应→reactionn．反应；回应[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)2．Lastnightwehadadiscussion,whichwastobecomemoreandmoreviolent．Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)3．Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharmtoyourphysicalhealth,butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)4．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)5．Doyoubelievetheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)阅读1．fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的5.gravityn．万有引力；重力9.spaceshipn．宇宙飞船10．mammaln．哺乳动物-3-单词2．chainn．链子；连锁；锁链3．dissolvevt.&vi.溶解；解散4．multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加6．extinctadj.灭绝的；绝种的7．solaradj.太阳的；日光的8．satelliten．卫星；人造卫星11．lessenvi.&vt.减少；减轻12．weightlesslyadv.失重地(2017·浙江卷)Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.停车[短语多维应用]高频短语1．intime及时；终于2．prevent...from阻止；制止3．nowthat既然4．cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋5．layeggs下蛋6．givebirthto产生；分娩[语境运用](填入一个适当的词)Now①thatweallunderstandthatthehazeisharmfultoourhealth，weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestopreventit②fromgettingfrombadtoworse.Nomatterwhathappens，wemustcheer③upandtrytoreducethepollution.Ifwekeepon，we'llsucceed④intime.7．inone'sturn轮到某人8．watchoutfor密切注意；当心；提防9．dependon依靠；取决于10．breakout突发；爆发11．blockout挡住(光线)12．getthehangof熟悉；掌握；理解13．atmidnight在午夜[语境运用](填入一个适当的词)Afirebroke⑤outinthebuildinglastnight.Luckily，thefirefightersarrivedintimeandputoutthefire.Wewerewarnedtowatchout⑥forelectricityandgaswhencookingourmeals.Thankstothefirefighters'help，wewerenotinjured.Theyarethementhatwecandepend⑦onwhenweareintrouble.[句式结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用-4-1．make＋it＋adj.＋forsb.＋todoThisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我认为我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。Ithinkitagoodideatobringasmallgiftwhenweattendadinnerparty.2.倍数表达法ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。IdevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasIdidbefore，soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.3.nowthat引导原因状语从句...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)既然你对我校这么感兴趣，为什么不来看看呢？Nowthatyouaresointerestedinourschool,whynotcomehereandhavealook？1．harmfuladj.有害的(1)beharmfulto对……有害harmlessadj.无害的(2)cause/doharmto...对……造成伤害/有害(3)thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处theharmfuleffectsoftobacco烟草的害处beharmfultochildren'steeth对儿童的牙齿有害[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(广东卷)Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.②(2019·浙江卷)However,nopraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtotheirself­confidence.③Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharminasking(ask)him.[链接写作]——一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。-5-①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth．(harmful)②Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth．(harm)2．existvi.存在，生存(1)existin在于……existon＝liveon靠……生存Thereexist(s)...有……(2)existencen．存在；实有；生活；生活方式comeintoexistence出现；产生(3)existingadj.现存的；现行的[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexistingonthelittlemoneyhe'searning.②(2019·北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexisting(exist)relationships.③(2019·江苏卷)Soscientistsaretryingtheirbesttosavethespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence(exist).[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversestartedtoexist.(高级表达)Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversecameintoexistence/cameintobeing．[名师点津]exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。3．puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(1)puzzleabout/oversth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨apuzz