2020高考英语一轮复习 板块2 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第3讲 构词法教学案 新人

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-1-第3讲构词法[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninterestingcompetition(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.2.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salwaysenergetic(energy).3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatisactually(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.1.给出形容词提示词,填写副词或名词;2.给出动词提示词,填写名词或形容词;3.给出名词提示词,填写形容词或动词。短文改错1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.happily→happy2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.Immediate→Immediately3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.suddenly→sudden1.形容词和副词的互相错用;2.形容词和名词的互相错用;3.­ed与­ing形容词的互相错用。合成法和转化法[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·湖北七市联考)FloweringinMay,peonies'largepetalsandstrongcolorsarelinkedtoprosperityand(rich)intraditionalChineseculture.richness[考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同,and前prosperity(繁-2-荣)是名词,所以空处应该也是名词,形容词rich的名词是richness。]2.(2019·武汉武昌区调研)Infact,itmusthaveahardstruggletogetits(free)fromthecocoon.freedom[考查名词。空处前面是形容词性物主代词its,形容词性物主代词后面要接名词,所以填名词freedom。]3.(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)SeniorexpertsfromUNESCOwereamazedatitsuniquenaturalscenery,nearperfectbiologicalsystem,andcreative(combine)ofnatureandhumanism.combination[考查名词。由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知,此处应用combine的名词形式。]4.(2019·江西五校第一次联考)TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman(healthy).health[考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。humanhealth意为“人类健康”,作介词to的宾语。]5.(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhoubeefnoodlehasahistoryof102yearsandisknownforits(taste)beef,soupandnoodles.tasty[考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语,修饰名词beef,故应填形容词tasty“美味的,可口的”。]Ⅱ.单句改错6.(2019·昆明检测)Wesharedamomentofcosplayandhappy.Ievendancedwiththecrowd.happy→happiness[考查名词。由“happy”前的“and”可知,此处与cosplay(动漫角色扮演,名词)为并列结构,词性应相同,所以把happy改为happiness。]7.(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)First,wecanvisitourrelativesandfriendsorspendahappilytimewithourfamily.happily→happy[考查形容词。根据该句中的名词time可知,修饰该名词,应用形容词。句意:首先,我们能拜访我们的亲朋好友,或者和家人一起度过快乐的时光。]8.(2019·山东潍坊一模)Afterall,doingexerciseisagoodwaytokeephealth.health→healthy[句意:毕竟,锻炼是保持健康的好办法。错误处应该用形容词而非名词作keep的表语,故将health改为healthy。][要点解读](一)合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词中间需加连字-3-符)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有:合成名词notebook笔记本;classroom教室;blackboard黑板;teamwork配合;spaceship宇宙飞船;woodcut木刻合成形容词lifelong毕生的;second­hand二手的;man­made人工的;widespread广泛的合成动词underline画底线标出;whitewash粉饰;broadcast广播;download下载(二)转化法不增加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有:名词→动词button纽扣→button扣上纽扣形容词→动词correct正确的→correct改正动词→名词feed喂养→feed一餐,一顿形容词→名词native本地的→native本地人副词→动词up在上面→up提高(三)派生法考点一形容词加ly变为副词的规律[题组试做]单句语法填空1.Theboyranquickly(quick)toschool.2.“What'sthat?”Fathershoutedangrily(angry).3.Thelittlegirlisextremely(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.4.Yourcompositionisbadly(bad)organized.Pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively(attend)nexttime.[要点解读]1.一般情况加ly。如:real→really;careful→carefully;polite→politely;quick→quickly2.“辅音字母+y”结尾的,将y改为ily。如:angry→angrily;busy→busily;heavy→heavily3.以ble结尾的,将ble改为bly。如:probable→probably;possible→possibly4.个别单词,去掉e再加ly。如:true→truly5.以ic结尾的,加ally。如:basic→basically;energetic→energetically[注意]有的名词+ly→形容词,如:friend→friendly;day→daily-4-考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Heisratherselfish(self)sothatnobodypreferstohaveatalkwithhim.2.Thegoodworkingconditioninthefactoryisattractive(attract).3.Heisreliable(rely)soyoucandependonhim.4.Theyarenervous(nerve)abouttheirfirsttripabroad.5.Theflowerisharmful(harm)toourhealth.Ⅱ.单句改错6.Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalancediet.balance→balanced7.Idon'tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinoursociety.reason→reasonable[要点解读]后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的­almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的;私人的center→central中央的;中心的nature→natural自然的;天生的­fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的­ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的;恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-5-­iveact→active积极的;活跃的effect→effective有效的;生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的­ouscontinue→continuous不断的;持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的;谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的­sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的­ytaste→tasty美味的;可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的­erneast→eastern东方的;向东的­ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的;可笑的self→selfish自私的­icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的­aryimagine→imaginary想象中的考点三动词变名词的后缀[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth(warm).2.Withouthesitation(hesitate),Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.Ⅱ.单句改错3.Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyourpronounce.pronounce→pronunciation[要点解读]-6-后缀例词­alapprove→approval赞成;批准arrive→arrival到来;到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议;建议­ance­enceappear→appearance出现;外貌guide→guidance指引;指导perform→performance表演;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