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-1-第1讲定语从句[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014which/thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.1．考查定语从句的关系词，which、that和who考查居多；2．有时考查非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法。短文改错1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.where→when2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.which→where或which前加in3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that→which1．关系代词与关系副词的错用；2．that与which的错用；3．关系代词或关系副词的缺失。考点一关系代词引导的定语从句-2-[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·石家庄检测一)AnewteacherwillteachyouGermanwillcomeheretomorrow.who[考查定语从句。从结构上看，空处是关系代词，修饰先行词Anewteacher，指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以要用who。]2．(2019·重庆第一次调研)Theparkoffersvisitorsasightofnatureatmajoritiesofpeopleneverhavethechancetotakealook.which[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中的“Theparkoffersvisitorsasightofnature”是主句，“atmajorities...alook”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作at的宾语，代指asightofnature，故填which。]3．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterialhelpsotherbacteriabecomeresistanttodrugtreatment.that/which[考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词geneticmaterial。]Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2019·安徽师大附中测试)Hethankedmeandjumpedquicklyinhiscaranddroveoff，keepingthedisabledparkingspacefreeforsomeoneneededit.someone后加who[考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。]5．(2019·吉林省吉大附中模拟)FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridgehelpsustoseekthetruth.在bridge后加that或which[分析句子结构可知，本句主语为I，谓语为havelearnt，that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语，canserve为从句的谓语，与helps之间无词连接，由此可判断，bridge后为定语从句，先行词为bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。故在bridge后加that或which。]6．(2019·江西名校联盟5月检测)Oneday，Margarettoldmehergrandmawascomingandherparentswouldwantmybasementroomback，whatdidn'tsurpriseme.what→which[分析句子结构可知，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语，what不能引导定语从句。][要点解读]1．关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语-3-whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。2．that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。3．as和which的区别asas引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。[易错提醒]as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或thesame等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。-4-考点二关系副词引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次模拟)Therearemanygoodwebsitesyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.where[考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于onwhich。]2．(2019·河北衡水中学调考)AfterlivinginAustraliaformanyyears,Louisefinallyreturnedtothecountryshewasborn.where[句意：在澳大利亚生活了许多年之后，路易丝最后回到了她出生的那个国家。先行词为thecountry，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Shewasborninthecountry.，由此可见先行词在定语从句中与介词in一起作地点状语，故填关系副词where。]3．(2019·山东烟台期末)Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.when[句意：他的兴趣始于几年前，当时他正在上大学研究野生动物科学。先行词为afewyearsago，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescienceafewyearsago.，由此可知关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。]Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2019·福州八县市一中联考)Besides,weshouldactivelyparticipateinsomeactivitiesthatarerelatedtoreading,whatwecannotonlygetourknowledgeenrichedbutalsogainalotofpleasure.what→where[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为someactivities，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。][要点解读]关系副词的基本用法关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，position，case，stage等)地点状语whythereason原因状语Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.-5-学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·山西四校联考)Intheirclasstherearealtogether54students,halfofwearglasses.whom[考查定语从句。句意：他们班总共有54名学生，其中有一半学生戴眼镜。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是students，指人，关系词作介词of的宾语，所以用whom。]2．Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks，nearlyhalfofwerepublishedinthe1990s.which[此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children'sbooks，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。]3．(2019·沧州二模)Weexpectyoutobecomesomeoneofwe'llfeelveryproudinthefuture.whom[句意：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feelproudof意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。][要点解读]1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋whi