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-1-Unit2ExploringEnglish你想知道美式英语的发展史吗？让我们通过下面的文章来了解一下吧！ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageinAmericacanbedividedintothreeperiods.Thefirstperiodisfrom1607totheendofcolonial(殖民地的)times.InthisperiodthepopulationinAmericawasaboutfourmillion，90percentofwhomcamefromBritain.Thesecondperiodcoverstheexpansion(扩张)oftheoriginalthirteencolonies.ThismaybesaidtoclosewiththeCivilWar,about1860.Thisperiodwasmarkedbythearrivalofthenewimmigrants(移民)fromIrelandandGermany.Thethirdperiod,sincetheCivilWar,ismarkedbyanimportantchangeinthesourcefromwhichtheEuropeanimmigrantscame.TheycamefromnorthernandsouthernEuropeinlargenumbers.AmericanEnglishbeganinthe17thcentury.Atthebeginningofthe17thcenturytheEnglishlanguagewasbroughttoNorthAmericabycolonistsfromEngland.TheyusedthelanguagespokeninEngland,thatis,ElizabethanEnglish.AtfirstthelanguagestayedthesameasthelanguageusedinBritain，butslowlythelanguagebegantochange.Sometimes，theEnglishspokeninAmericachangedbutsometimesthelanguagespokenintheplacestayedthesame，whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.SectionⅠStartingout&Understandingideas重点单词基础词汇1.sculpturen.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品2.opposingadj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的3.harmlessadj.无害的，不致伤的-2-4.uniqueadj.独一无二的，独特的5.alarmn.警报器；闹钟拓展词汇6.behaviorn．行为，举止→behavev．表现，举止7.confusingadj.令人困惑的→confusev．使困惑→confusedadj.感到困惑的→confusionn．困惑，疑惑8.reflectv．显示，反映→reflectionn．反映，思考，反射9.creativityn．创造性，创造力→creativeadj.有创造性的，有创造力的→creationn．创造力，创造10.visibleadj.看得见的，可见的→invisibleadj.看不见的重点短语1.the__number__of……的数量2.around__the__world全世界3.for__example例如4.speak__of说起；说到5.burn__up烧毁，烧尽6.fill__in/out填充；填写7.wind__up摇动(把手等)；使(活动、会议等)结束重点句型1.havetroubledoingsth.做某事费力：Haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhypeopleoftenhave__trouble__learning__English(在学习英语方面有困难)？2.neither引导倒装句：Thismademerealizethatthere’snoeggineggplanteither.Neither__is__there__pine__nor__apple__in__pineapple(菠萝里面也没有松树和苹果).3.That/Thisiswhy...这/那是……的原因(why引导表语从句)：That__is__why(这就是……的原因)whenthestarsareout,theyarevisible,butwhenthelightsareout,theyareinvisible.ⅠReadthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachpart.Part1(Para.1)A．Givesomeexamplestodiscussthetopic.Part2(Paras.2－6)B．Concludethetopicofthepassage.Part3(Paras.7－8)C．Leadtothetopicofthepassage.答案：Part1：C；Part2：A；Part3：B-3-ⅡReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Thewordsphotoandhomesickwerementioned________.A．toshowhowcrazyitistolearnEnglishB．totellusthedifferencesbetweentheirusagesC．toanalyzetheformationofthewordsD．tosharehowtolearnacrazylanguage2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A．Byprovidingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byfollowingthewayofspelling.D．Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.3．Whydoestheauthorsay“Englishwasinventedbypeople”？A．BecausetheEnglishwordsshoweverythingaroundus.B．Becausethelanguagehelpsuscommunicatewithothers.C．Becausethelanguageproveshowcreativehumanbeingis.D．BecausetheEnglishwordsareuniqueintheworld.4．Theauthor’spurposetowritethepassageis________．A．tosharethedifficultyinlearningdifferentEnglishwordswellB．toshowhowinterestingandcreativethelanguageofEnglishisC．toinstructhowtospelldifficultEnglishwordscorrectlyD．toanalyzethereasonforinventingthelanguageofEnglish答案：1－4.AACBbehaviorn．行为；举止(教材P15)Ifharmlessactionsaretheoppositeofharmfulactions,whyareshamelessandshamefulbehaviorsthesame?如果harmless(无害的)的动作是harmful(有害的)的动作的反义词，为什么shameless(无耻的)的行为和shameful(可耻的)的行为是一样的呢？(1)behavewell/badlyto/towardssb.对某人表现良好/糟糕behaveoneself守规矩，表现得体(2)wellbehavedadj.表现好的-4-badlybehavedadj.表现差的(3)behavio(u)rn.行为；举止；习性①Manyparentsareworryingabouttheeffectofsmartphoneontheirchildren’sbehavior.很多父母担心智能手机对孩子的行为所产生的影响。②Behaveyourself(you)inpublicandyouwillwintherespectofmostofus.在公众场合举止得体才能赢得我们大多数人的尊重。③Hetoldhispupilsto__behave(behave)wellandnottochatwhilelisteningtoalecture.他告诉学生们听讲座时要举止得体，切勿聊天。confusingadj.令人困惑的；令人混淆的(教材P15)Eventhesmallestwordscanbeconfusing.即使是最小的单词也会让人困惑。(1)confusevt.使迷惑；混淆confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆(2)confusionn.混乱；困惑(3)confusedadj.困惑的①Heusedmanytermsinhisspeechwhichsoundedconfusingtotheaudience.他在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听了莫名其妙。②Ialwaysconfuseherwith/andhertwinsister：theylooksoalike.我总分不清这对双胞胎姐妹，她们长得太像了。③Toavoidconfusion(confuse),theteamsworedifferentcolours.为避免混淆，各队穿着不同颜色的服装。④Theconfusedlookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasconfusedabouttheconfusingquestionsaskedbyhisparents.(confuse)他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。v．ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”；v.ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face,look,expression,voice等时，常用v.ed形式的形容词。burnup烧完；烧毁；燃烧能量；火烧旺(教材P15)Youalsohavetowonderattheuniquemadnessofalanguageinwhichahousecanburnupasitburnsdown...你也会对一种语言独特的疯狂感到惊讶，在这种语言里一座房子可以burndown(烧毁)也可以是burnup(烧毁)……-5-[一词多义]——写出下列句中burnup的含义(1)Usuallythesatellitesburnupabout100kmabovetheearth.烧毁(2)Doyouknowhowmuchenergyyouwillburnupduringtherelayrace？燃烧(能量)(3)Mumputmorewoodonthefiretomakeitburnupandtheroombecamewarmgradually.火烧旺burndown全部焚毁；火势减弱burntotheground烧毁burnout烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力①Ifyoudonotslowdownandtakeabreak,youwillburnoutveryquickly.如果你不放慢速度歇一会儿，很快就会没劲的。②(湖南卷)Ifyouforgottoturnofftheironwhenyouwentaway,youmightburndownthehouse.如果你走开时忘了关掉熨斗，那么你有可能烧毁房子。③Manyofthewoodenhousesinthevi