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-1-SectionⅣGrammar定语从句(Ⅰ)1．(教材P26)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400，000.2．(教材P26)Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.3．(教材P26)Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．(教材P26)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5．Themanwhom/who/thatIhavetophonelivesinCanada.定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。关系代词的基本用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。◆Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(作主语)◆Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。◆Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。◆Theboy(who/whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。-2-◆Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)◆Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)【即时演练1】——关系代词填空①Thewomanwho/thatisshakinghandswithmysisterisadoctor.②Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③ThegirlwhograduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.④Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.⑤Theoldmanwhom/whoyouspoketoisafamousdoctor.4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。◆Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)◆Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn’twork.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)◆ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。◆Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)◆Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)◆Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.【即时演练2】——关系代词填空①Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?-3-③Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1．当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。◆HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？◆Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。◆ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。◆ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。3．先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。◆I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。◆Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。◆IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。◆Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。【即时演练3】——完成句子①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited．②她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin．③聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.Ⅰ单句语法填空1．LastweekendmyroommatesandItalkedaboutthehappydaysthat/whichwehadincollege.-4-2．Jakeusedtobeabraveboythat/whom/whohisteachersalwayspraised.3．Ann’sparentsallowedAnntohelpJohnwhosefamilywaspoor.4．Theyhavegotarobotthat/whichcantakecareoftheoldandbabies.5．Lucycalledherbrotherthat/whom/whoshehadn’tspokentoforfiveyears.6．Thefirefighterrescuedthosewhoweretrappedinthelift.7．IvisitedthecouplelastweekwhosedaughterisstudyingintheUnitedStates.8．ItisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.9．Therearemanythingsthat/whichIneedtobuybeforethetriptoFrance.10．Martindidn’tbuythenewcellphonewhosepricewastoohighforhim.11．DoyoulikethefilmTitanicwhosemusicisverybeautiful?12．I’mnotinterestedinthestorythat/whichisaboutthetriptothemoon.13．OneHundredYearsofSolitudeisthemostwonderfulbookthatIhavereadsofar.14．Whenshecamenear,Ifoundthatshewasoneofmyclassmatesthat/whom/whoIhadnotmetsincegraduation.15．Todaytherearelotsofvideogamesthat/whicheatupourtime.Ⅱ单句改错1．Garywasasingleparentchildhisfatherlefthismotherbeforehewasborn.第一个his→whose2．Theoldwomansatinherhouseacrossthestreetandwatchedeverythingwhowentbyalldaylong.who→that3．ThecarwhichcolorisredbelongstoShirley.which→whose4．IhavereadthebookwhoiswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.who→that/which5．Doyoulikethetoywhoseyourauntgaveyouonyourbirthday？去掉whose或whose→that/which6．TheLittlePrinceistheverybookwhichtheoldmanislookingfor.which→that或去掉which7．Mrs.Greenisoneofthewomeninourvillagewhohasbecomerichbygrowingvegetables.has→have8．ThebeautifulFrenchsongthatI’mlisteningissungbymyfavouritesingerAlizée.listening后加to9．OurgroupisdiscussingLiBaiandhispoemswhichwehavealreadylearned.which→that或去掉which10．I’llgiveyouabookwhichyou’llfinditinteresting.去掉itⅢ语法与写作-5-请将下列句子升级为含定语从句的复合句。1．Wearegoingtointerviewthewriter.Hisnewnovelhasbeenwellreceivedbythepublic.Wearegoingtointerviewthewriterwhosenewnovelhasbeenwellreceivedbythepublic.2．Thewashingmachineisoutoforder.Mrs.Greenboughtthewashingmachineamonthago.Thewashingmachine(that/which)Mrs.Greenboughtamonthagoisoutof