2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Friends forever Section

-1-SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing定语从句(1)定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。关系代词的用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。◆Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)◆Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。◆Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)3．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。◆Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句作定语)◆Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。◆Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)◆Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn’twork.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)◆ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.-2-这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)5．that即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用that。◆Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)◆Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况1．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。◆ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。◆ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。2．先行词是不定代词，如all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none等时。◆HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？◆Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。3．先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。◆I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。◆Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。◆Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5．当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时。◆Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？-3-Ⅰ用适当的关系词填空1．Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldringwhich/thathehadlostonthetrain.2．Thechildrenwho/thatwereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.3．Thewomanwho/thatisshakinghandswithmysisterisadoctor.4．ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.5．Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.6．Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.7．Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?8．Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.9．ThisistheveryhotelthatIstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.10．ThechildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.Ⅱ语法与写作1．Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear(今年放映过的)．2．Wheatisakindofplantwhich/thatisgrowninthenorthofChina(中国北方种植的)．3．HeisthemostcarefulboythatIhaveeverknown(我所知道的)．4．Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear(我们去年参观过的)．5．Mr.LiuwantstotalktothestudentwhoseparentsworkinAmerica(父母在美国工作的学生)．6．Thosewhovolunteertogotothewest(想自愿去西部的人)havesignedtheirnames.有关人际关系、友谊的文章文体感知与人际关系、友谊相关的文章的体裁以议论文为主。议论文的写作是就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般说来，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分构成，通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作。增分佳句1．Heishonestandalwaysreadytohelpothers.2．Heisverykindandtalkative.3．Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...-4-4．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.5．Alifewithoutafriendisalifewithoutthesun.6．Heissuchawarm­heartedmanthatwealladmirehimverymuch.写作要求你校某研究学习小组正在开展关于“处理学生与家长、老师、同学之间的关系”的调查。请你就这一话题，按照下列要点写一篇80词左右的英语短文。1．现状：关系处理总体情况较好，但仍存在一些问题，如与同学吵架、不听家长和老师的建议等。2．你个人的改进意见(至少两条)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________审题谋篇项目结论体裁议论文话题处理人际关系时态一般现在时人称第一、三人称词句推敲1．词汇①存在exist②焦虑anxiety③发脾气loseone’stemper④对……充耳不闻turnadeafearto⑤吵架quarrel⑥与某人关系不好beonbadtermswithsb.⑦记住……keep...inmind⑧反过来inreturn2．完成句子①一些学生因为焦虑和学习负担很容易发脾气。Somestudentsareeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.-5-②他们有时和别人吵架，甚至对父母和老师的意见充耳不闻，这很让人失望。Theysometimesquarrelwithothers.Theyeventurnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachers.Itisverydisappointing.③在我看来，我建议我们高中学生应努力改善这种情况。Inmyopinion，Isuggestusseniorschoolstudentsmakingoureffortstoimprovethesituation．④我们和朋友、老师或者父母关系不好，我们可以敞开心扉地和他们聊天。Weareonbadtermswiththemandwecanhaveaheart­to­heartchatwithourfriends，teachersorparents.3．句式升级⑤用并列句和非限制性定语从句升级句②Theysometimesquarrelwithothers,andeventurnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachers,whichisverydisappointing.⑥用when引导的时间状语从句升级句④Whenweareonbadtermswiththem,wecanhaveaheart­to­heartchatwithourfriends,teachersorparents.妙笔成篇________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Asurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersandclassmatesisbeingmadebyaresearchstudygroupofourschool.Generallyspeaking,wegetonwellwitheachother.However,therestillexistsomeproblems.Somestudentsareeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.What’sworse,theysometimesq