压力容器无损检测_声发射检测技术

声发射检测技术(中国特种设备检测研究中心,北京100013)(河北大学质量技术监督学院,保定071051):声发射技术是20世纪60年代开始,目前逐步成熟的一种无损检测方法,已被广泛应用在压力容器检测和结构的完整性评价方面文中简要介绍了国内外压力容器声发射检测的发展史和现状给出了压力容器用钢的声发射特性和压力容器声发射检测方法,综合分析了国内外压力容器声发射检测的标准仪器和应用进展最后指出了压力容器声发射检测的发展方向,即在线监测声发射信号的模式识别和人工神经网络模式识别分析:声发射检测;压力容器;缺陷;发展;综述:TG115.28:A:10006656(2004)09045707NONDESTRUCTIVEINSPECTIONOFPRESSUREVESSELS:ACOUSTICEMISSIONTECHNIQUESHENGongtian(ChinaSpecialEquipmentInspectionandResearchCenter,Beijing100013,China)LIJinhai(TheCollegeofQualityandTechnicalSupervisionofHebeiUniversity,Baoding071051,China)Abstract:Acousticemission(AE)technique(AET)isaprogressivematurenondestructivetestingmethod,whichbeganin1960s.AEThasbeenwidelyusedinpressurevesseltestingandstructuralintegrityevaluation.ThehistoryandtheprogressofAETforpressurevesselareintroduced.AEcharacteristicsofpressurevesselsteelandAEtestingofpressurevesselarereviewed.TheprogressofAEinstruments,pressurevesselAEtestingstandardsandapplicationareanalyzed.Atlast,thedirectionofpressurevesselAEtestingisonlinemonitoring,patternrecognitionandartificialneuralnetworkpatternrecognitionanalysisofAEsignals.Keywords:Acousticemissiontesting;Pressurevessel;Defect;Development;Survey,2003,133,16,9800[1],,,,,,:20040730,,2060,Green,Dunegan[2,3];2070,Dunegan,[4,5][6],,45726920049NDTVol.26No.9Sep.2004,,:(1),,(2),,(3),(4),(5),12080,(ASTM)(ASME)(NDIS)(EWGAE),,,ASTMASME,,1,2080SNTTC1A,!,∀#,,MANSANTO2090[7~9],,[10~13]1ASTME5691991ASTME11391992ASTME12111987ASTME14191991ASTME10671989FRP/ASMEV11ASMEV12FRPNDIS24121980NFA09360(1985)NFA09352(1985),,220702080(),703,442090,2090,21,20038∃%∃%,,458:,,30,100,300~500,,,,:GB/T181822000GJB20441994JB/T76671995JB/T69161993QJ29141996,2090∀30,2002∀67,,[14~17],,3[18]:(1),,60%(2),(3),(4),,(5)()(6),,(7),(8),,,Kaiser,Kaiser(9)Kaiser,,,Felicity,Felicity,Felicity16MnR,,[19~21]16MnR[22],:(1)16MnR,,(2),(3),44.1,10a()500,[23],,4.1.1裂纹扩展459:4.1.2焊接缺陷开裂4.1.3机械摩擦,,,4.1.4焊接残余应力释放,;,4.1.5泄漏,,4.1.6氧化皮剥落,,,,4.1.7电子噪声4.24.2.1裂纹扩展,,,,,,Kaiser11000m34.2.2焊接缺陷11000m3,,,,,,,,,,,Kaiser,,2400m32400m34.2.3机械摩擦,,,,AE460:AE,Kaiser,313.7~14.2MPa3AE4.2.4焊接残余应力释放,,,,&,∋Kaiser,,,,,,413~15MPa,AE4.2.5泄漏,4AE,,,,,4.2.6氧化皮剥落,,,,,5120m3,2.5~3.0MPa,,5AE4.2.7电子噪声,,,,4.3,,,2461:2AEAEAEdBss40~6510~503~4010~100100~3001~2040~7010~523~4110~100100~3001~2042~8016~1401~7011~20018~20001~3036~7140~20010~10030~200150~10001~3738~752~1301~1201~1601~22001~3038~753~5E41~5E41~20001~5E51~4840~922~2E41~5E41~18001~5E51~100;,4.4,,,;,,,MONPAC[24]620m33.5~4.0MPa,260s6,,AE,,3000s,2,3000s,,AE6,,ED,lgE=a(lgD-c)n+bD3000s(1)a,b,c,nC:lgC=klgD+l(2)kl,3000s33,,5,,,,,462:3AElgE=a(lgD-c)n+blgC=klgD+lnabck1l1k2l21.80.61.530.90.62.13.11.60.71.830.80.41.63.01.80.81.830.90.62.43.01.80.851.530.90.62.43.01.60.61.530.80.22.13.411.11.130.81.81.53.411.11.130.91.81.63.610.7~1.50.6~300.91.01.83.2,,:[1].2003[J].,2004,20(3):41-44.[2]DuneganH.AcousticEmission:APromissingTechnique[Z].LivermoreCA:LawkenceRadiationLaboratory,1963.[3]DrouillardTF.Acousticemissionthefirsthalfcentury[A].ProgressinAcousticEmission([C].Japan:TheJapaneseSocietyforNDI,1994.[4]JessenEC,SpanheimerH,DeHerreraAJ.PredictionofCompositePressureVesselPerformancebyApplicationoftheKaiserEffectinAcousticEmission[Z].MagnaUT:HerculesIncorporated,1975.[5]FolwerTJ,ScarpelliniRS.AcousticEmissionTestingofFRPEquipment[Z].ChemicalEngineering,1980.[6]YingSP,KnightJEandScottCC.Backgroundnoiseforacousticemissioninaboilingwaterandapressurizedwaternuclearpowerreactor[J].JournaloftheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica,1973,53(6):1627.[7]FowlerTJ.Experiencewithacousticemissionmonitoringofchemicalprocessindustryvessels[A].ProgressinAcousticEmission#[C].Japan:TheJapaneseSocietyforNDI,1986.150-162.[8]FowlerTJ.Chemicalindustryapplicationsofacousticemission[J].MaterialsEvaluation,1992,50:875.[9]ScottStockbridge,JeffHoffman.Analysisofacousticemissiondatafrommetalpressurevesselbyweighingofdataattributes,IncludingMONPACcrtieria[A].ProgressinAcousticEmission([C].Japan:TheJapaneseSocietyforNDI,1994.[10]RunowP.Theuseofacousticemissionmethodsasaidstothestructuralintegrityassessmentofnuclearpowerplants[J].IntJPres&Piping,1985,21:157.[11]TonoliniF,SalaA,VillaG.Generalreviewofdevelopmentsinacousticemissionmethods[J].IntJPres&Piping,1987,28:179-201.[12]HuttonPH.Acousticemissionforcontinuousmonitoringoflightwaterreactorsystems:astatusreview[J].MaterialsEvaluation,1988,46(2):241-246.[13]TidswellRD,ShipleyMPandCaneBJ.Developmentofnewproceduresforinserviceacousticemissiontestinginpressurevesselsandpipework[A].ProgressinAcousticEmission)[C].Japan:TheJapaneseSocietyforNDI,1996.[14].[D].:,1996.[15].[D].:,1998.[16].[D].:,1996.[17],,,.[J].,2001,23(4):144-149.[18]FowlerTJ.Chemicalindustryapplicationsofacousticemission[J].MaterialsEvaluation,1992,50(7):875.[19],,.16MnR[J].,1995,19(2).[20],.[A].[C].:1995.[21],.AE[A].[C].:1995.[22],,.[R].:,1995.[23][R].:,1992~2003.[24]ScottStockbridge,JeffHoffman.Analysisofacousticemissiondatafrommetalpressurevesselbyweighingofdataattributes,IncludingMONPACcrtieria[A].ProgressinAcousticEmission([C].Japan:TheJapaneseSocietyforNDI,1994.463: