1SectionⅢReading(Ⅱ)(Lesson2&Lesson3)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.explicitA.adj.清晰易辨的;透明的()2.upwardsB.vt.购买()3.rigidC.adj.弯曲的()4.tightD.adv.向上地()5.transparentE.adj.明确的;清楚的()6.merelyF.adj.僵硬的()7.purchaseG.adj.绷紧的()8.outlineH.adj.模棱两可的()9.ambiguousI.adv.只;仅仅()10.bentJ.vt.勾出轮廓[答案]1—5EDFGA6—10IBJHCⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A.意识到B.组成,构成C.不管,不顾D.看穿E.故意地F.很长时间()1.Moreandmorepeoplearecomingtoseethroughtheirtricks.()2.Allshouldbetreatedequallyregardlessofsocialstatus.()3.Thepictureconsistsofalotofdiscretespotsofcolor.()4.Ithinkthewindowwasbrokenonpurposebysomeone.()5.I'malwaysveryawareofhowmuchworkthereisstilltobedone.()6.Wehaven'tseenthemforages;whynotaskthemoverforlunchonSunday?[答案]1—6DCBEAFBODYLANGUAGESPEAKSFORITSELFIfyousawafatherpattinghissonontheback①whilesmilinghappily,whatwouldyouthinkwasgoingon?Youwouldprobablythinkthatthefatherwascongratulatinghissonondoingsomethingwell,maybepassinganexamorwinning2arace.Youwouldknowwhatwasgoingonbecauseyouunderstoodthemessageconveyedbythefather'sbodylanguage②.Acrosstheworld,apat(轻拍;拍)onthebackandasmileusuallymeans,“Welldone”.Bodylanguageisusedeverysingledaybypeopleofdifferentnationalitiesallovertheworld.Itisalanguagewithoutwordsthatconsistsofgestures,facialexpressionsandbodymovementsthatgreatlyaddto—andsometimesevenreplace—spokenlanguage③.Bodylanguageisusedtocommunicatebothattitudesandfeelingsfromaffectiontoangerjustlikeanyotherlanguage,butitdiffersfromspokenlanguageasitisnotalwaysexplicit.Somebodyjumpingforjoyiseasytoseewhile④araisedeyebrow(眉毛)conveyingdoubtiseasiertomiss.肢体语言言为心声如果你看见一位父亲高兴地笑着并轻轻拍打他儿子的后背,你认为会发生什么?你可能会认为父亲在祝贺儿子某事做得好,也许是通过了测试或比赛获胜。因为你明白那位父亲的肢体语言所传达的信息,所以你会知道发生了什么事情。在全球,轻拍后背并附带一个微笑通常意为“干得好”。每一天全世界不同国籍的人都使用着肢体语言。这是一种没有词语,由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言,它极大地丰富了——有时甚至取代了——口头语言。同其他任何语言一样,身体语言被用来交流喜怒等情感和态度,但是与口头语言不同的是,它不总是明确清楚的,所以它又不同于口语。某人高兴地跳跃是容易看到的,而挑起眉毛表示怀疑却更容易被人忽略。[助读讲解]①patsb.ontheback拍某人的背;注意此类结构中身体部位前面必须用冠词the。②conveyedby...是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰message。③本句是that引导的定语从句修饰先行词language;在这个定语从句中又包含了一个that引导的定语从句,修饰gestures,facialexpressionsandbodymovements。④while是转折连词,意为“而;却”。Peopleoftenusebodylanguageonpurpose.Someonewhodoesnotknowtheanswertoaquestionwillmovetheirshouldersupwardsawayfromtheirupper(上面的)bodyandthenletthemfall,meaning“Idon'tknow”.However,bodylanguagecanbeunconscious(无意识的)aswell.Apersonwhoisfeelinguncomfortableornervouswilloftenholdtheirbodyinaveryrigidmanner⑤andhaveatightlookabouttheirmouths.Theymightalsocrosstheirarmsandmoveinanabruptwayresembling(像)arobotmorethanahuman.Theymightnotevenrealisehowtheyareactingbuttheirbodylanguagewilltellanyonewhocarestolookcloselyenoughhowtheyarefeeling.Bodylanguagecanthereforemakepeople'sfeelingsmoretransparentas3althoughwecanliewithwords,itisnotaseasytodosowithourbodies⑥.Learningtobeawareofyourbodylanguage⑦canbeaveryusefultool.Forexample,inajobinterview,youwillprobablybefeelingnervousbutyouwon'twanttoappeartobeinastateof⑧unrest(不安).Youwillwanttoappearcalmwithasmuchdignityaspossible.Merelybyuncrossingyourarms,youwilllookmoreconfident.Bodylanguagecanbeveryusefulwhenpeopledonotshareacommonspokenlanguage.Forexample,inforeigncountries,itisveryeasytopurchasesomethingsimplybysmilingandpointingatwhatyouwant⑨.Ontheotherhand,youcanalsoeasilyshowwhatyoudon'tlikebyshakingyourhead.Youcannegotiate(协商)thepricebyusingyourfingersandevenaskquestionsbyusingyourhandstooutlinetheshapesofthingsyouwant—althoughthiscancauseconfusionandafewlaughstoo!人们经常有意识地使用肢体语言。不知道一个问题答案的人会先耸起双肩然后让它们落下,其意为“我不知道”。然而,肢体语言也可能是无意识的。一位感到不舒服或紧张的人会身体僵硬而且双唇紧闭。他们也可能交叉手臂,生硬地走路,比起人类来更像是个机器人。他们甚至可能没有意识到他们的行为,然而他们的肢体语言将会告知那些愿意观察他们的人他们的感觉。因此肢体语言会使人们的情感变得更清晰明了,因为我们虽然能用文字来撒谎,然而却不能轻易的用肢体来撒谎。学会意识到你的肢体语言可以是一种非常有用的工具。例如,在面试时你可能感到紧张,但是你却不想看起来紧张。你将会显得尽可能的镇定自若。只要不交叉双臂,你就会显得更自信。当人们不能讲同一语言时,肢体语言可能十分有用。例如,在国外,你通过简单的微笑并指着你所要买的东西就可以轻松购物。另一方面,你也可以通过摇头来表明你不喜欢的东西。你可以用手指讨价还价,甚至可以用手比划出你想要的东西的形状来问问题——尽管这会让人迷惑不解,还会引人发笑。[助读讲解]⑤ina(an)...manner=ina(an)...way以……方式。⑥as引导原因状语从句,从句中含有一个although引导的让步状语从句。⑦Learningtobe...是动名词短语作主语。⑧inastateof处于……状态。⑨it为形式主语,不定式短语topurchase是真正主语;whatyouwant是what引导的宾语从句。However,bodylanguagecansometimesbeambiguous.Althougheveryculturearoundtheworldusesthesamegesturesandexpressions,theyusethemindifferentways.Forexample,anAmericantouristataGermanhotelmightgivean“OK”signbymakingacirclewithhisfingers.UnlikeinAmericawherethissignmeanseverything⑩is4fine,inGermany,thisgesturecancauseoffence(冒犯;得罪).Anotherexampleisthatinmostculturestonodone'sheadmeans“Yes”andtoshakeone'sheadmeans“No”whileinsomeculturestheoppositeistrue⑪!Regardlessofthesedifferences,expertsagreethatacrosstheglobe(地球)thereisoneformofbodylanguagethatreceivesuniversalapproval(赞成)⑫—thesmile.Smilinghasahighsuccessrate(比率)soneverbeafraidtouseit—evenwhenyou'renervous—andespeciallyinforeigncountries!不过肢体语言有时会含义模糊。尽管全球每一种文化使用相同的姿势和表情,但他们用这些表达不同的含义。例如,一位在德国酒店的美国游客会用他的手指做一个圆圈表达“OK”。而在美国这个手势的含义是一切顺利,然而在德国这种手势会触犯别人。又如一例,在大多数文化里,点头表示同意,摇头表示不同意,而在另一些文化里却相反。尽管存在着这些不同,世界各地的专家们却一致认为有一种身体语言得到普遍的认同,那就是微笑。微笑成功率高,所以要大胆的使用它——即使你紧张——特别是在国外![助读讲解]⑩where引导定语从句,修饰America。⑪此处是that引导的表语从句;表语从句中含有两个并列分句,由并列连词while连接。⑫第一个that引导宾语从句,第二个that引导定语从句。第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速读P10教材课