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-1-SectionⅢUsinglanguage现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。have/hasbeendone是现在完成时的被动语态结构，主要用来表达动作已经被做，已经被完成，或者尚未被完成。[观察例句]阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法。1．Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.2．Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.3．Iguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.4．Peoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.5．Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.6．Thedoorhasopenedofitself.7．Theorphanhasbeenwelllookedafter.[归纳用法]现在完成时被动语态用法是高考的重要考点，学习时应该注意下列几点：一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/havebeendone，使用hasbeendone时主语为单数，使用havebeendone时主语为复数。如：Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这本书已被译为多种语言。Hisbikeshavebeensoldout.他的自行车已经卖完了。二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：(1)动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：(2)主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如：Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned，youneedn'tcleanitnow.-2-我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。Theseflowershavebeenwatered，youcangohome.这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。三、现在完成时被动语态的用法1．用于不知道动作执行者是谁时Hisbikehasbeenstolen.他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的)2．用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时Notabookinthelibraryhasbeentakenaway.图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指)3．用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时Mywatchhasbeenrepaired.我的表修好了。(表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及)4．用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时Enoughhasbeensaidhereonthisquestion.关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。(意思是说：大家不要再说了)5．用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中(常用省略助动词be的被动语态)RoadBlocked.道路已被堵塞(新闻报道，省略了助动词hasbeen)6．用于动作的执行者不是人时Thehousehasbeenwashedawaybythestorm.那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。7．用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时Yourletterhasbeenreceived.来信已收到。四、掌握现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换从现在完成时被动语态结构has/havebeendone可以看出has/have为助动词，因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前，如：Hasthisbridgebeenfinished?这座桥竣工了吗？-3-Hisbadhabitshaven'tbeendoneawaywith.他的坏习惯还没有改掉。Theblackboardhasbeencleaned，hasn'tit?黑板已经擦过了，是吗？[即时训练]把下列句子改成被动句。1．Wehavecleanedourclassroom.→Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned.2．Hehassoldoutallhisbikesintheshop.→Allhisbikesintheshophavebeensoldout.3．Hehasn'tfinishedhishomework.Hishomeworkhasn'tbeenfinished.4．Grandmahastakencareofthechildalltheseyears.→Thechildhasbeentakencareofbygrandmaalltheseyears.5．Hehasrepairedthemachinefortwohours.→Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Papermoneyhasbeenused(use)foroverathousandyears.2．Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactorieshavebeenset(set)up.3．Comeandsitdownbythefire.Yourhandhasbeenfelt(feel)cold.4．Thefirehasgot(get)tothefifthfloor.Haveallthepeoplesaved(save)?5．—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.—I'msorry，butithasbeentaken(take)already.6．Someofthechapters(片段)havebeenwidelyread(read)bymanystudents.7．Whydon'tyougotothebookstoretobuysomebooks？Manynewbookshavebeenbrought(bring)there.8．Tillnow，threefilmshavebeenshown(show)inthatsmallvillagethismonth.9．Doyouknowthethiefhasbeencaught(catch)bythepolice?10．Mysisterisworkinginthepowerplantthathasbeenused(use)forjustoneyear.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Goodmorning，everybody！Thishasbeenmysecondtrip1.toTokyo.AndIwouldliketothankthisschoolbecauseI2.havebeeninvited(invite)toyouthistalk.Iwould-4-liketofocus3.mainly(main)onhowtoimproveyourEnglishfor4.practical(practice)purposes.Itismybelieftoimprovealanguage.Itisimportantforonetocontinuouslyusethatlanguage.InEnglish，asinmostlanguages，thereare4mainaspectsofspeaking，listening，readingandwriting.Ibelievetwo5.activities(activity)canhelpallfourofthese.Firstlyreadinginthenewspaper6.hasbeennoted(note)tobeabletohelpimproveone'sEnglish.However，I7.personally(personal)feelthatreadingbooksismoreuseful.WhilemyEnglish8.hasbeenimproved(improve)bynewspaperreading，Ifeelthatitmaybetooboringandnotinterestingtosecondaryschoolstudents.Books，ontheotherhand，ofthepasttime，havemanylevels.Thesecondactivitythat9.hasbeenthought(think)tobeusefuliswatchingthenews.IknowIjustsaidthatthenewsisboring，butwatchingthenewscanbeinterestingtostudents.Anotheradvantageofwatchingthenewsasapostreadingisthatyoucanlearnhowtousebodylanguagewhile10.speaking(speak)．Ihopemyspeechhasbeenhelpfultoallofyou.Thankyoufortakingthetimetolisten!