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-1-SectionⅢUsinglanguage省略省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略和替代一样，也是避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义，能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中，它是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言上的简洁。所涉及的省略情况一般有：词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。[观察例句]注意括号里省略掉的成分①Itisjusttypicalthatmyjourneyisononeoftheoldestlines，aswellasoneofthedeepest(lines)．②Myofficeisonlyonthethirdfloorofthebuilding，so(itis)quitelow.③Heisgoingtohisuncle's(house)．④(Isthere)Anythingwrong?⑤Herjobistotakecareoftheeldersand(to)washtheirclothes.⑥Thechildwantedtoplayinthestreet，buthermothertoldhernotto(playinthestreet)．⑦—Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?—I'dliketo(cometodinnertonight)．ButI'mtoobusy.⑧Tosomesmileisveryeasy，andtoothers(smileis)sohard.⑨MaryisgoingtosweepthefloorbecauseAlicewon't(sweepthefloor)．⑩Thebabyclosedhiseyesasif(hewere)tosleep.[归纳用法]1．可省略主语和谓语。Awordaboutyourcomposition.(省略了Iwillsay...)我现在谈一下你的作文。Thoughtired，hewasnotdisheartened.(省略了hewas...)他虽然累了，但没有泄气。-2-Gotasmartphone？(句首省略了Haveyou...)有智能手机吗？2．可省去从句。Youhavedonebetterthistime.(省去从句thanyoudidbefore)这一次你做得好些了。Oh，thatremindsme.(me之后省去了that从句，其内容由具体情况而定)噢，这使我想起了一件事。3．可用不定式to，省去前面提到的谓语动词。Jackdidn'tpassthedrivingtest，buthestillhopeto.(to后省去了pass)杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。4．可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。—Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?你认为周末会下雨吗？—Ibelievenot/Ibelieveso.(即Idon'tbelieveit'sgoingtorain)我想不会/我想会的。5．根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如：onlyif，Ifonly，whatsoever,incase6．特殊疑问句的省略。Whereto？去哪里？(＝Whereareyougoingto？)Whatfor？为什么？(例如：Whatdoyoucomeherefor？你来这里干什么？)Whynotdoit？为什么不做那件事呢？(＝Whydon'tyoudoit？)How/Whatabout(sb.)doingsth.？做某事怎么样？What'sontonight?今晚上映什么？What'sup?发生什么事了？[即时训练]在括号里写出句子省略的成分。1．Wearedelighted(that)youcancome.2．Ithappenedontheday(when)wefirstmet.3．Ihopetofinishmyjoband(to)gobackhome.4．(Does)anyonewantadrink?-3-5．Whatwecoulddowas(to)getaway.6．Thesuggestionhasbeenmadethatthefootballgame(should)beputoff.7．Youmaycometoseeme(at)anytimebetween4and5intheafternoon.8．(I)begyourpardon.9．Just(wait)amomentplease!10．Hespentpartofthemoneyandtherest(ofthemoney)hesaved.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．—Iwon'tdoitanymore.—Whynot?2．Althoughtold(tell)tostop，hekeptonworking.3．—Willyouwasteyourtimeandmoneyonthat?—Certainlynot．4．—Marydidn'tattendthelecture，didshe?—Yes，shedid．5．—What'sJoandoing?—Reading(read)newspapersintheroom.6．—Canyouclimbthattree，myboy?—Me(I)?7．Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbutmore(many)supportit.8．—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.I'dbehappyto．9．—Whynotgoandhavedinnerinarestaurant?—Iamafraidnot．It'stooexpensive.10．Someonehasusedmymobilephone，butIdon'tknowwho．Ⅱ.短文语法填空Eachtimeyoucall1.upyourfamily，doyouthinkthisinventionmadebythedistinguished2.inventor(invent)Bellcanhavesuchagreateffectonourlife?3．Asweallknow，thetelephoneisoneofthemostwelcomeandusefulinventions.Nowondermoreandmorefamilieshavegottousetheirowntelephonestoday.Thetelephonemakesthings4.convenient(convenience)inmanyways.Especially，afterthemobiletelephoneappears，communicationbecomes5.easier(easy)andrapider.Tostudentsandpeoplegoingoutforbusinessfarawayfromtheirhomes，thetelephonecan6.shorten(short)thedistancebetweenthemandtheirfamilies.Thusthey7.willget(get)comfort-4-whenevertheyarehomesickortheyrun8.intotrouble.Withthehelpofthetelephone，peoplecankeepintouchwithanyoneatanytimeandinanyplaceforurgenthelp.In9.aword，thetelephoneissohelpfulthatwecansaythatnowadayswecannotlivewithoutthetelephoneinourdailylife.Wewillfurtherimprovetheperformanceofthetelephonesoas10.tocreate(create)betterconditionsforitsdevelopment.