2020版高考英语大二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 5 篇章结构题学案 新人教版

15.篇章结构题A(2019·东北三校模拟)话题：生态旅游难度：★★建议用时：7分AccordingtotheInternationalEcotourismSociety，eco­travelis“responsibletraveltonaturalareasthatprotectstheenvironment，maintainsthewell­beingsandinvolveseducation”．Eco­travelisontherise，asmoreandmorepeoplebecomeconsciousabouttheircarbonfootprint.ExpertfromBoundlessJourneys，MattHolmes，whoworksontravelexperiencestowardsconservingareassaid，“Asscientistsandnon­scientistslearnmoreabouthowwehumanbeingsareimpactingtheplanet，Ithinkmorepeoplewanttodowhattheycanwhilestillexploringtheworld.Ourguestsaredefinitelyinterestedinthataspectofourjourneys.TravelerscanfarmtheirownfoodinItaly，managingtheiruseofwaterandusingsolarorwindpower.Theycanalsovisitafamily­runcampthatcaresforretiredloggingelephantsinMyanmar，knowaparkentryfeegoestoaconservationorganizationinCostaRica，employandtrainmembersofthelocalcommunityorpartnerwithaprotectiongroup.Therearelotsofoptionsforseekingoutgreenerholiday.”Mostpeoplebelievethateco­travelisexpensiveanditistrue.Mattexplained“Anti­poachingpatrols(反猎捕小队)needtobepaid，solarenergyequipmentcostsalottoinstall，buildingwithenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsismoreexpensiveandsoon.Theextracostisnecessary，asyou’repayingtominimizeyourfootprintandprotecttheplacesyouvisit，whichisexactlywhateco­travelisabout.Thefinancialsuccessandsustainability(可持续性)ofaneco­focusedoperationdoesn’tcomefromthinair.”Theindustryistryingtomakeeco­travelaffordableandmakeitaccessibletothecommonpeople.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了生态旅游的意义、影响以及未来的发展方向。1．Whatisthepositiveinfluenceofeco­friendlytravel?A．Itenablestravelerstoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletraveling.B．Itkeepshumanbeingshealthyandhappyinafriendlyatmosphere.2C．Itteachesustoberesponsibleforthedevelopmentofeconomy.D．Itofferssomevaluableeducationabouttheknowledgeofgardening.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段“AccordingtotheInternationalEcotourismSociety，eco­travelis‘responsibletraveltonaturalareasthatprotectstheenvironment，maintainsthewell­beingsandinvolveseducation’．”可知，环保旅游的积极影响是它使旅行者在旅行时保护环境，故选A。2．AccordingtoMattHolmes，travelerswillbeinterestedin.A．eatingdeliciousfoodinItalyB．visitingelephantsinthezooC．workingtogetherwithaprotectiongroupD．raisingparkentryfeeinCostaRica答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Ourguestsaredefinitelyinterestedinthataspectofourjourneys.”以及“employandtrainmembersofthelocalcommunityorpartnerwithaprotectiongroup.”可知据马特·福尔摩斯所说，旅行者将有兴趣与一个保护组织合作，故选C。3．Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthenextparagraphofthepassage?A．Whyeco­travelisexpensive.B．Howwecanmakeeco­travellessexpensive.C．Whatmaterialsareusedineco­travel.D．Wherewecangoforeco­travel.答案B解析篇章结构题。根据最后一段最后一句“Theindustryistryingtomakeeco­travelaffordableandmakeitaccessibletothecommonpeople.”可推断出，接下来会谈论如何降低生态旅游的成本，故选B。B(2019·江苏如皋模拟)话题：彩虹色的作用难度：★★★建议用时：8分Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden，right?Well，sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence(金属彩虹色)canvisuallypuzzlepredators(捕食者)，whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.Thosesurprisingresultsappearinthejour3nalScientificReports.Shiningiridescentcolor，whichchangesdependingontheanglefromwhichit’sviewed，isfavoredbyeverythingfrombirdstobeetlesandblossomstobutterflies.“Andinourresearchgroupweareofcourseinterestedinwhythisvividmetalliccolorissowidespreadinnature.”KarinKjernsmooftheUniversityofBristoladdsthatinsomecasestheshowysplashesoflightareasexualstrategy.“HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies，particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism(雌雄两性)，suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes，theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.Forexample，inmanyofthesecasesitisthemalesthathavethesevividiridescentcolorsandtheyusetheminmatechoiceortheyusethemasasignaltoattractmates.”Butiridescencealsoshowsupinsituationswherereproductionisnotanissue.“Sowhatwearestudyingnowiswhethernaturalselectionimposedbypredation(捕食行为)couldexplaintheoccurrenceofiridescenceinpreyanimals.”Theideathateye­catchingcolorscouldbeusedasacover­upisn’tanewone.“Thefatherofcamouflagetheory，AbbottThayer，reallybelievedthatiridescenceshouldbecategorizedasacamouflagestrategy.AndhewroteinhisfamouslifeworkConcealing—ColorationintheAnimalKingdom，alreadyin1909，that‘brilliantlychangeableormetalliccolorsareamongthestrongestfactorsinananimal’sconcealment’．Andthissoundslikeacompletelyunreasonablethingtosay，becausehowcancolorsthatarebothbrilliantandchangeablecontributetoanimal’sconcealment？”“Inasimilarway，wewereaskingwhetheriridescence，duetoitschangeability，couldworkasaformofcamouflagebypreventingshaperecognition.”Kjernsmoandhercolleaguestrainedbumblebeestoassociateaparticularshape—acircleoranoval—withasugarreward.Andtheyfoundthatthebees，whengivenachoice，wouldpreferentiallyvisittheshapetheyknewtobesweet.Butwhentheshapeswereiridescent，thebeeshadtroubletellingthemapart.“Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets，whichmadethemhardtodistinguish.”Asformakinguseofthismethodforhidinginplainsight，“Anypracticalapplicationsisofcoursedirectlylinkedtoanyindustrythathasaninterestincamouflage，4thatishowto