1第四节形容词和副词考向分析热考点语法填空集中于比较级,形容词变副词。短文改错集中于比较级应用不当,形容词、副词应用不当。新考向2019年高考英语强化了对副词的考查。全国Ⅰ卷短文改错中区分了形近副词hard和hardly的含义,全国Ⅱ卷短文改错中考查了so修饰形容词,并区分了副词修饰副词含义,即toomuch和very/somuch的区别。题型一关于形容词和副词的语法填空1.Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。根据其后的“thantheyactuallyare”可知,此处用形容词的比较级,故填higher。2.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannonrunners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案longer解析考查副词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志,故填long的比较级longer。3.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe(loud)ofall.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案loudest解析考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的ofall可知要用最高级。4.Therecouldbeaneven(high)costonyourhealth.(2018·浙江)答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。“副词even+比较级”表示“更……”,强调程度。5.Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案worse解析考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用比较级形式。2evenworse更糟的是,可以看作固定搭配。6.Sixteenyears(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.(2017·浙江)答案earlier解析考查副词的比较级。sixteenyearsearlier意为“早在16年前”。提示词为形容词或副词,根据语境和句意,如果不需要改变词性和含义的话,则需要填该词的比较级或者最高级。1.比较级的标志词①填空处后有than,用比较级。如果有as,则用原级。②填空处前有even,much,far,rather,alittle,bit及倍数(twice,threetimes)等,用比较级。2.最高级的标志词①填空处后有ofall/among等表范围,用最高级。②填空处前有oneofthe,the+序数词,定冠词the,则用最高级。3.固定句型①the+比较级...,the+比较级...越……越……②比较级+and+比较级越来越……③否定词+比较级=最高级④“(倍数)+as+原级+as”结构⑤morethan+adj.表示“非常……”4.比较级最高级的不规则变化good/well-better-bestbad-worse-worstbadly-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther-farthest(指距离)/far-further-furthest(指距离和抽象概念)1.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案poorly解析考查副词用法。根据句意和句子结构分析可知,此处副词poorly修饰谓语动词3hasbeenstudied。故填poorly。2.Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案finally解析考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词havebeenacknowledged,意为“最终得以认可”,故填finally。3.TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案hugely解析考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular,应用副词形式,huge的副词形式为hugely,故填hugely。4.Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitis(proper)established.(2019·天津)答案properly解析考查副词。句意为:在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前,需要定期的训练。此处用副词修饰动词establish,故填properly。5.Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan(easy)seethem.(2019·浙江)答案easily解析考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处所给词修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用easy的副词形式,故填easily。6.Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案actually解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。修饰动词用形容词actual的副词形式actually。7.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案fairly解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant,故用fair的副词形式fairly。8.Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案certainly解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun,故填形容词certain的副词形式certainly。41.根据句意和句子结构,判断是填形容词还是副词。原则唯一:形容词修饰名词或者代词副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词2.如果确定需要填副词,要注意形容词变副词的规律。①一般情况:直接加lyquick→quicklybrave→bravelyimmediate→immediately②大多数“辅音字母+e”结尾的形容词直接加lyunfortunate→unfortunatelyabsolute→absolutelyattractive→attractively③“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加lyhappy→happilyheavy→heavilysteady→steadily④以al结尾的形容词,变副词直接加lytypical→typicallyeventual→eventuallyoccasional→occasionallynormal→normallygradual→gradually⑤“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加ysimple→simplygentle→gentlycomfortable→comfortablypossible→possiblyreasonable→reasonablyprobable→probably⑥特殊true→truly⑦以ll结尾只加yfull→fullydull→dully⑧以ic结尾加ally5basic→basicallyscientific→scientificallyautomatic→automatically⑨特别注意whole→whollyshy→shylydry→drylygood→wellhard既是形容词又是副词hardly是副词意为“几乎不”fairadj.公平的,头发浅色的,皮肤白的,美丽的,相当的n.集市fairlyadv.相当地,公平地,竟然以ly结尾的形容词:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,deadly,likely,monthly,yearly,daily,weekly,neighbourlyOnourwaytothehouse,itwasraininghardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案so解析考查副词。句意为:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们禁不住想还要多久才能到达那里。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。1.形容词修饰名词或者代词。2.副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。3.尤其关注“so+adj./adv.+that”句型。题型二关于形容词和副词的短文改错1.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019·全国Ⅱ)答案coolly→cool6解析考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked(看起来……样)”为系动词,系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。2.WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案ordinarily→ordinary解析考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe,应用形容词。ordinarily是副词。故把ordinarily改为ordinary。3.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案happily→happy解析考查形容词作表语。句意为:他们的生活得到了改善,我感到很高兴。feel为系动词,应该用形容词作表语,故将happily改为happy。4.Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案Immediate→Immediately解析考查副词的用法。放于句首,作状语修饰整个句子,要用副词。故将Immediate改为Immediately。5.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案suddenly→sudden解析考查形容词的用法。此处stop是名词,修饰名词需用形容词,故将suddenly改为sudden。6.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案difference→different解析考查形容词的用法。此处应用形容词修饰名词kinds。故将difference改为different。1.原则唯一:①形容词修饰名词或者代词。②副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。2.系动词之后要用形容词作表语,不能用副词。3.更正时,一定注意形容词变副词的规律。1.Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案hardly→hard解析考查副词。“