1第二节段中设空题(2019·全国Ⅱ)Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?”Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofthesamecoin.36Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.37Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.38So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity(清晰)ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.39Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan’tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.40Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Youcannotovercomethemwithoutamplemotivation.Makesurethatyouplanforthesedifficultiesatthetimeofsettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.2语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实可行的目标。36.答案G解析根据空前一句“Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofthesamecoin.”可知,此处在讲动力和设定目标之间的关系,故G项“没有动力,你既无法设定目标,也无法实现目标”符合语境。37.答案B解析第一段阐述了动力和设定目标之间的关系,结合空后的“Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?”可知,空处与空后内容形成递进关系,故B项符合语境。38.答案A解析空前讲有时候你的心思并不在工作上,由此可知空处应选A“这会影响你的工作”。39.答案E解析根据空前一句中的“goalsareflexible”可知,目标是灵活的,可变动的,因此E项“它们可以根据情况而改变”符合语境。40.答案C解析空前一句说你可能想当飞行员,但因为视力不够好,你的目标不能实现。再结合空后一句中的“reassessyourgoals...setafreshgoal”可知,C项“然而,这不应该让你气馁”符合语境。一、题型解读段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性,注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句,或者是用来承上启下的过渡句,也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。二、解题技巧1.根据并列或递进关系解题并列或递进关系主要指行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有first(第一),second(第二),third(第三);firstly(第一,首先),secondly(第二,其次),thirdly(第三);first(首先),next(其次),then(那么,然后);inthefirstplace(第一,首先),foranother(其次);tobeginwith(首先,第一),toconclude(最后)等连接词或词组,则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系,空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。如果空格前后两句之间有also(也,而且),further(进一步地,而且),furthermore(而且,此外),likewise(同样地,也),similarly(相似地,类似地),moreover(而且,此外),3inaddition(另外),what’smore(更重要的是),notonly...butalso(不但……而且)等连接词或词组,则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系,空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。例如:真题感悟中的第36题。该空上一句“Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofthesamecoin.”提到了motivation和goalsetting之间的关系。所以下文中肯定要进一步讲解两者之间的关系。G项“没有动力,你既无法设定目标,也无法实现目标”符合语境。再如第39题。由该空前一句“Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.”可知,设空处需要谈到goals的情况。下文中的“Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.”说明目标需要有可衡量性。所以设空处应该以目标作为主语,讲述目标的特性,所以选择E项,意为“它们可以根据情况而改变。”2.根据转折或让步关系解题转折或让步关系主要指行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however(然而),nevertheless(然而,不过),still(还,仍然),though(尽管),yet(然而),onthecontrary(正相反),incontrast(与此相反,相比之下),incomparison(比较起来,与……比较),bycomparison(相比之下)等连接词或词组,则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转,空格处很有可能表示转折或让步关系。例如:真题感悟中第40题。上文提到了“你可能想当飞行员,但因视力不够好,你无法实现目标”,设空处后文提到“你应该重新审视你的目标,并激励自己去设定一个新的目标”。所以设空处应该与上文形成转折关系。C项含有转折词however。由此可知,选C。3.根据因果关系解题如果空格前后两句之间出现asaresult(结果),thus/therefore(因此),so/such...that(如此……以至于)等标志性词语,则表明前后句有着因果关系。例如:真题感悟中第38题。该空上一句提到“有时你的心思不在工作上”,及该空后一句“所以,放慢脚步,想想你那时真正想做的是什么”,由此可知设空处应填“心思不在工作上的”后果。A项“这会影响你的工作”符合语境。4.根据解释例证关系解题前后句的某一句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,用到的思维过程就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。A(2019·湖南衡阳联考)Finding7sparechangeoranextradollarinyourpocketalwaysfeelslikeavictory.1Withoutthinking,youmighthearthefamiliarrhymeinyourheadwhenyouspotoneonthesidewalk:4“Findapenny,pickitup.Alldaylongyou’llhavegoodluck.”Accordingtoonetheory,peopleoriginallythoughtpennieswouldbringgoodluckbecauseofreligiousbeliefs.2Thistheoryalso8fueledothersuperstitions(迷信行为)likecharmbraceletsandmetalhorseshoes,whicharealso“lucky”.Plus,metalcurrencylikepennieswerelinkedtomorewealthandthusmoreluck.Thatmightbeastraightforwardexplanation.9Anotherreasonwhypeoplemighthave1claimedpennieswouldbringgoodluckcomesdowntothebattlebetweengoodandevil,whichisliketwosidesofthecoin.Findingapennyheadsupmeantyou’dhaveluckonyourside,buttailsupwouldmeantheopposite.3Somepeoplesaythatifyoufindapennytailsup,youshouldturnitovertomakeitheadsupsothatitcanbringlucktowhoeverfindsitnext.4TheIrishhalfpenny,whichstopped2circulatingin1987,isespeciallyluckytoanyonewhofindsone.Thenthereisalsotheoldsaying“Somethingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowed,somethingblue,andapennyintheshoe.”5A.PenniesFromHeavenisawayofthinking.B.Buttheexactreasoningforthisisunknown.C.Andevenfindingsomethingworthaslittleasapennyissatisfying.D.Nomatterwhatthereasonis,penniesarepartofmanyluckytraditions.E.Placingasilversixpenceinthebride’sleftshoeissaidtobeasymbolofwealth.F.Theseareallthingsbridesshouldwearontheirweddingdayforgoodluckintheirmarria