（浙京津鲁琼专版）2020版高考英语大二轮复习 专题二 阅读理解 第四节 主旨大意题 一 标题归纳题

1一、标题归纳题(2018·11月浙江，C)Istarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions：toattackonebigbookfromthepast，aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental：MobyDickonathree­daycross­countrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors，notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms，andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.AttemptingTheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii，mynativestate，however，waslessfruitful:Imadeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes(册)，thendecidedthatI’dgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.I’mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac，say，orTristramShandy.There’salwaysWarandPeace，whichI’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes，onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War”part，setitasideforawhile，andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain，havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreintoTheWavesorJustine，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.Andthenthere’sStendhal’sTheRedandtheBlack，whichhappenstobethenameofmyfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer，createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink，andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadelightfulidea.Cecconi’stheory:“Itakewhatever’sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthepark，makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce，lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut，sunbeatingthroughthelids...语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢暑期旅游读书，并和我们分享了自己读书的体会。27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A．HehasacottageinNewEngland.B．Heshowstalentsforliterature.C．Heenjoysreadingwhentraveling.D．Headmiresalotofgreatwriters.2答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“MobyDickonathree­daycross­countrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottage...TheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii”等内容可知，作者在旅行中喜欢阅读。故选C。28．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inParagraph2mean?A．Getconfused.B．Becarriedaway.C．Beinterrupted.D．Makenoprogress.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据文中的“I’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes”和“setitasideforawhile”及读后的结果“havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank”可知，作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书，把书放一边。句中画线的“getboggeddown”指的是“陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展”。与makenoprogress同义。故选D。29．Whydoestheauthorsayreadinghisfavoritebooksfeelslikecheating?A．Hefinishesthemquickly.B．Heshouldreadsomethingserious.C．Hebarelyunderstandsthem.D．Hehasreadthemmanytimesbefore.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite—oncemoreintoTheWavesorJustine，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.”可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时，感到非常刺激和兴奋。同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合，所以这时候会有欺骗的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选B。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheBooksofSummerB．MySummerHolidaysC．ToReadorNottoReadD．It’sNeverTooLatetoRead答案A解析标题归纳题。文章第一段开头作者就谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名著。第二段中的3“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer”把读书和鸡尾酒联系起来，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，TheBooksofSummer适合作为标题，故选A。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“”．一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。二、解题技巧1．“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．文章标题三特点(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题。文章第一段开头作者就谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名著。第二段中的“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(鸡尾酒)ofthesummer”把读书和鸡尾酒联系起来，谈自己读书的感受。所以全文都和夏天读书有关，TheBooksofSummer适合作为标题，故选A。A(2019·湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)Laughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedon’thavetolearntospeakit.We’rebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.4Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10­yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyaren’tjokes.Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘气的)behaviorofourancientancestors.Today，ifwetickle(使发痒)chimps，theydon’tlaugh.But，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.That’sthesoundofapelaughter，andit’stherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled，buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.There’sadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”．Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferenta