1第三节段尾设空题(2019·全国Ⅲ)Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.36WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic(逻辑)ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.Do’s·37Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus(教学大纲)andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn’thidinginplainsight.·Participateindiscussionforums(论坛),blogsandotheropenendedforumsfordialogue.38Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame.Don’ts·Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.39·Don’topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.40Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor’sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyourcomments.A.That’swhattheyarefor.B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E.Belowaresomecommondo’sanddon’tsforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanotsogreatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.2语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。在网络课堂上,与教授建立健康有益的互动交流模式是非常重要的,作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。36.答案E解析根据文章段落结构和本段首句“Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.”可知,在网络课堂上,与教授建立健康的互动交流模式是非常重要的,作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。故选项E符合语境。37.答案G解析空后一句“Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.”解释了什么样的问题是受欢迎的,由此可知,G项“makesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions”与之相呼应,即要提一些好的经过缜密思考的问题。故选G。38.答案A解析根据前一句“Participateindiscussionforums(论坛),blogsandotheropenendedforumsfordialogue.”可知,要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而空格后一句说一定要紧扣主题,不要提供不相关的信息。A项“这就是它们的用途”承上启下,符合语境。故选A。39.答案C解析根据本段“Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.”可知,不要分享个人信息或故事,如果需要更多的信息,他们会主动问起的。故选项C符合语境。40.答案F解析通读本段,并根据本段主题句“Don’topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.”可知,此处作者告诫读者,每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课,不要在社交媒体上攻击教授,不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满,要利用网络课程评价系统平静地提出你的意见。选项F符合上下文语境。一、题型解读段尾设空题常见题型有:(1)总结句:总结本段内容。(2)过渡句或细节句。二、解题技巧1.总结句(1)找关键语句:重点阅读空前一、二句,确定关键词。3(2)确定信号词:在选项中查找表结果、结论、总结等的词语,如therefore,thus,inshort,toconclude等。(3)注意转折关系:利用选项中表示转折或对比的关联词确定选项内容与前文是否对立。(4)注意并列递进关系:利用选项中含有并列关系的词,与前文相似句式或词汇复现等解题线索。例如:【真题感悟】中第39题就和前文形成递进关系。根据段首的中心句“Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.”及上文中“Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.”可知,教授不是训练有素的护士,不是经济援助专家,也不是你最好的朋友,不要分享个人信息或故事,如果他们需要更多信息的话,他们会主动问起的。所以选C。2.过渡句如果选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,就应考虑下一段的开头句,看是否能与选项衔接。A(2019·四川遂宁三诊)Coldweatherduringwintermonthsmaykeepmanypeoplefromleavinghomeandrunningintheopenair.However,anewstudyshowsthatthe11dropintemperatureisagoodreasontorun.1Manypeoplesayrunninginwintercanbedifficult.Tworeasonsarethelowtemperaturesand10bitterwinds.2Thatcouldbebecauselowertemperaturesreducestressonthebody.Whenyourunincoldweather,yourheartrateandthebody’sdehydration(脱水)levelsarelowerthaninwarmerconditions.3ThisinformationcomesfromJohnBrewer,whoisaprofessorof1appliedsportscienceatSt.Mary’s.Forthisstudy,heandotherresearchersputagroupofpeopleintoaroomtheycalledan“environmentalchamber”.Theresearchersthen2recreatedsummerandwinterweatherconditionsintheroom.4Brewersaysheandhisteamrecordedbiologicalmeasurementsoftherunners.Hesaysthatthemostimportantthingforpeoplewhorunincoldconditionsistoweartherightclothing.Wearglovesonyourhands.5Andespeciallywearmorethanonelayerofclothingtokeepsweatawayfromyourskin.A.Yetmanyrunnersmightfinditeasierthanrunninginhotweather.B.Wehavegoodreasonstoruninwinter.C.Wearshoesthatwillkeepyoufromfalling.D.Manyfeelnervouswhenrunninginthecoldweather.4E.Thebodyneedslesswateronacolddaythaninwarmweather.F.Infact,runningincoldweatherhelpsimproveone’sperformance.G.Thetestsubjectswereaskedtorun10,000metersunderbothconditions.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。冬天的寒冷天气会阻止很多人跑步。研究发现,在寒冷的冬天跑步要比在夏天更能提高人们的身体机能,文章对此项研究作了详细说明。1.答案F解析该空前一句提到“然而,一项新的研究表明,气温下降是跑步的绝佳时机”,分析各选项可知,此句与F项(事实上,在寒冷的天气中跑步有利于改善身体机能)与此空意义是一致的。故选F。2.答案A解析根据下文的内容“那是因为低温环境能够降低身体的压力,与温暖的环境相比,在寒冷的环境下跑步,你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低”可知,在冬天跑步比夏天更容易。分析各选项可知,A项(然而,还有许多跑步者可能发现严冬时节跑步比炎夏季节更容易)符合题意,故选A。3.答案E解析根据该空上一句“与温暖的环境相比,在寒冷的环境下跑步,你的心率和身体的脱水程度更低”可得出“寒冷的环境下,身体需要的水分相对来说比较少”。分析各选项可知,E项(与温暖的天气相比,寒冷的天气里身体需要的水分更少)符合题意,故选E。4.答案G解析根据该空上一句“研究人员在房间里模拟夏天和冬天的天气状况”可知,G项“他们要求受试者在两种环境(冬天和夏天)下跑完10000米”符合题意,故选G。5.答案C解析根据上文“对于在寒冷的条件下跑步的人来说,最重要的是穿合适的衣服,戴上手套。”可知,C项(穿上防滑鞋以免摔倒)符合语境,故选C。B(2019·湘赣十四校联考)TakeCareofYourSpine(脊柱)Thespinestandsatthecenterofyourhealth,providingyourbodywithstructureandsupport.12Italsocontainsyourspinecord,amassivecollectionofnervesconveyingelectricsignalsfromtherestofyourbodytoyourbrain.6.5Maintaininggoodposture(姿势)isoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotokeepyourspinehealthy.13Properposturemeansstandingorsittingwhilekeepingyourspinestraight,exceptforitsnaturalcurves.Posturecomesintoplayevenwhenyouareasleep