（浙江专用）2020高考英语二轮复习 专题一 第二部分 题型应对策略 第二讲 做出推理和判断——推理

-1-第二讲做出推理和判断——推理判断题推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。高考推理判断题题量统计考纲解读年份浙江卷(1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat________．(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis________．(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...?(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby________．(8)Thefirst/lastparagraphservesasa(n)________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。[考向1]推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和判断，即考生不仅需要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。常见的设问方式：-2-◆Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________．◆Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．◆Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________．◆Whatcanweinferabout...?◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?◆Whatdoesthe...paragraphimply?[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto________．A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics[解题思路]第一步确定题干中的关键信息inferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sproject第二步定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点态度的关键句Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.第三步进行合理推断得出答案Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。自主解答：A第一步确定题干中的关键信息。第二步在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。[考向2]写作意图题——文体特点看意图通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。常见的设问方式：-3-◆Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?◆Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?◆Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?◆Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?◆Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto________．[典例](2018·浙江卷6月·A)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam­poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop？Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60，000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf­dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.-4-[解题思路]第一步确定题干中关键信息purpose第二步速读文章，试找出相关的关键句Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.第三步与选项进行对比得出答案根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。自主解答：A写作意图通常有以下三种：1．toentertainreaders/totellanexperience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。2．topersuadereaders/tosellaproductoraservice/toattractreadersorvisitors常见于广告。3．toinformreaders/toreport/totell/todescribe常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议类的文章。[考向3]观点态度题——依据措辞定态度高考英语阅读理解对观点态度类的设题越来越灵活，题目难度也有所增加，考查作者对文中人、事、物或内容的观点或态度的题量较多。这对考生对文章的主旨大意和细节的理解提出了更高的要求，考生要利用多种阅读理解的技巧来仔细确定提干的关键信息，借此定位文中的原句并准确推断出答案。常见的设问方式：◆Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?◆Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?◆Whatistheauthor’sopinionon/about...?◆Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards/to...?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundin...paragraph?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?◆Theauthorthinks...is________．◆Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________.[典例]