2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 2 Language Section Ⅰ Welcome

1Unit2Language当今社会，一个人会讲两、三种语言已不再是什么稀奇的事。但你有没有思考过这样一个问题：世界上到底有多少种语言？读完下面的短文，会让你大吃一惊。Whenpeopleareaskedhowmanylanguagestheythinkthereareintheworld,theanswersvaryquiteabit.Onerandom(随意的)samplingofNewYorkers,forinstance,resultedinanswerslike“probablyseveralhundred”．Howeverwechoosetocountthem,though,thisisnotclose.Whenwelookatreferenceworks,wefindestimates(估计)thathaveescalated(上升)overtime.The1911(11th)editionoftheEncyclopediaBritannica(大英百科全书),forexample,impliesafiguresomewherearound1，000,anumberthatclimbssteadilyoverthecourseofthetwentiethcentury.Thatisnotduetoanyincreaseinthenumberoflanguages,butrathertoourincreasedunderstandingofhowmanylanguagesareactuallyspokeninareasthathadpreviouslybeenunder­described.Muchpioneeringworkinprovingthelanguagesoftheworldhasbeendonebymissionary(传教的)organizations(suchastheSummerInstituteofLinguistics)withaninterestintranslatingtheChristianBible(圣经)．Asof1997,atleastaportionoftheBiblehadbeentranslatedinto2，197differentlanguages,stillalongwayshortoffullcoverage.Themostextensivecatalog(目录)oftheworld’slanguages,generallytakentobeasauthoritative(权威的)asany,isthatoftheEthnology(人类学)organization,whosedetailedclassifiedlistcurrentlyincludes6，809distinctlanguages.SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp2[基础词汇]1．defeatvt.击败，战胜2．replacevt.替换，代替，取代3．raisevt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及4．thereforeadv.因此，所以5．processn.过程；进程6．distinctionn.区别，差别7．accentn.口音，腔调；着重点[拓展词汇]8．occupyvt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)→occupationn．职业；占有；消遣；居住9．mixturen．混合，混合体→mixv．混合；掺入；合成；融合10．officialadj.官方的，正式的→officiallyadv.官方地；正式地；公务上→officern．官员；高级职员；警官；军官11．contributionn．贡献，促成因素；捐赠→contributevt.捐助；投稿12．entireadj.完全的，整个的→entirelyadv.完全地；全部地1．be_made_up_of/consist_of由……组成(构成)2．name_after以……命名3．aside_from除……之外4．make_contributions_to对……做出贡献5．take_control_of控制，取得对……的控制6．lead_to导致7．replace...with...用……替代……8．mother_tongue母语，本国语9．go_through经历10．keep_on持续1．why引导的表语从句Thatiswhy_English_has_so_many_difficult_rules(为什么英语有这么多很难的规则)thatconfusepeople.32．eventhough引导让步状语从句Even_though_the_Normans_spoke_French(尽管诺曼人讲法语)fortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.3．do/did强调谓语动词Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguagedid_borrow(的确借用了)manywordsfromFrench.4．while连接两个并列成分AftertheNormanConquest,high­classpeoplespokeFrenchwhile(然而)commonpeoplespokeEnglish.5．whether引导宾语从句Thequestionofwhether_English_will_keep_on_changing(英语是否会继续变化)inthefutureiseasytoanswer.ⅠReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Celticwas________．A．spokenbyGermansinthemiddleof5thcenturyB．oneofthetwoGermanictribeswhoinvadedBritainC．thelanguageusedinBritainbeforethemiddleofthe5thcenturyD．calledOldEnglish2．OldEnglishconsistedofdifferentlanguagesusedbydifferentpeople.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?A．TheAnglesandtheSaxons.B．TheVikings.C．French.D．Celtic.3．WhichlanguagehadanimportanteffectontheEnglishlanguageduringMiddleEnglishperiod?A．German.B．French.C．Latin.D．Greek.4．Fromthetext,wecanlearnthat________．A．thepluralformsofmanandchildwereborrowedfromFrenchB．theAnglesandtheSaxonsmadethegreatestcontributioninthehistoryofEnglishC．OldEnglishwasmadeupofCelticandthelanguageoftheAnglesandtheSaxons4D．Englishhasmanywordsandphraseswithsimilarmeaningswhichcamefromdifferentlanguages答案：1－4.CCBDⅡAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench­speakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans是主干句；aFrench­speakingpeople是____________；whodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066是who引导的________从句。[尝试翻译]最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰____________________。答案：同位语；定语；并控制了这个国家2．ThequestionofwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.本句的主干句是Thequestioniseasytoanswer,句中的iseasytoanswer为主动形式表________，不定式与主语之间为逻辑上的________关系；whetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture是whether引导的________从句。[尝试翻译]英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题________________。答案：被动；动宾；宾语；是容易回答的EnglishanditshistoryAllthrough①history,peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupof②thegrammarandvocabulary③thesepeoplebroughttoBritain.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople④.①allthrough一直，从来就②bemadeupof由……组成(构成)makeup编造；构成；弥补(for)；和解；化妆③vocabulary[və'kæbjələrI]n.词汇thesepeoplebroughttoBritain是定语从句，修饰先行词5thegrammarandvocabulary，关系代词省略了。④why引导表语从句，其中又包含that引导的定语从句。英语及其历史有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说的语言的语法和词汇构成的。这就是为什么英语有这么多很难的困惑人们的规则的原因。OldEnglishOldEnglishisverydifferentfrom⑤theEnglishwespeaknowadays⑥.Infact⑦，wewouldnotbeabletounder­standitifweheardittoday.Beforethemiddleofthe5thcentury,peopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic⑧.ThentwoGermanic⑨groupsfromtheEuropeanmainlandB10—theAngles⑪andtheSaxons⑫—occupied⑬Britain.OldEnglishconsistedof⑭amixture⑮oftheirlanguages.(BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedafter⑯theAngles；thewordAnglewasspeltEngleinOldEnglish.)Asidefrom⑰placenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofOldEnglish.Attheendof⑱the9thcentury,theVikings⑲，peoplefromNorthernEuropeancountriessuchasDenmark