2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Public transport Section Ⅰ

1Unit4Publictransport交通阻塞已经成为各大城市最头疼的问题，在解决这个问题的过程中，世界知名城市都在各显神通，效果如何呢？让我们一起去领略一番吧！Youmayrideonyourbicycleinarushtogettoschooleverymorning.Youmayfighttogetabitofspaceonabusoronthesubway.Youmayalsowatchtaxiscrawl(缓慢行进)theirwaythroughtrafficjams.Nomatterwhereyouare,allbigcitiesaroundtheworldhavetrafficjamsthesedays.Butalthoughtheyallhavetheirproblems,manycitiesalsohaveatypeoftransportthathasbecomeaculturalicon(文化标识)．InLondon,toavoidthetrafficjamsaboveground,peopleusethe“underground”，alsocalledthe“Tube”．Thecityhastheoldestandmostcomplicated(复杂的)undergroundrailwaysystemintheworldanditistheprideofmanyLondoners.With12linesand275stationsacrossthecity,theTube,isnormallythequickestandeasiestwayofgettingaroundLondon.InLondon,youareneverfarfromaTubestation.NewYorkisfamousforitsYellowcabs.TheyserveasaquickandeasywayofgettingacrossManhattan,wherethesubwaydoesn’ttakeyoueverywhere.Stoppingacabiseasy;juststickoutyourarmlikeyoudoinanycity.But,withover12，000yellowcabsintheBigApple,theyalsocausetrafficjams.Since1873whenthefirstcablecarstartedpublicservice,theslowandnoisyvehiclehasbeenasymbolofSanFrancisco.Althoughoncedamagedbyaseriousearthquakeandchallengedbycars,itisnevercaughtintrafficjamsandprovidesbetterviewsthanthesubway.ButtherearenosuchsymbolsinLosAngeles.Ifyouvisithere,you’dbetterrentacar.Thecity’spublictransportationisterrible.Itcantakehourstogetacrosstownbybus.Thesubwaycoversjustasmallpartofthecitycentre.ThelightraillineonlyrunsbetweentheLongBeachhotelareaandthecitycentre.That’s2whyAngelenoslovetheirprivate(私人的)carsmorethananyotherpeopleintheworld.SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[基础词汇]1．conveyvt.运送，输送；表达2．viaprep.经由，经过(某一地方)；通过，凭借3．sectionn.部分；部件；部门4．intervaln.间隙，间隔5．chokevi.&vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞n.哽咽声，呛住的声音6．undertakevt.&vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应7．authorityn.权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权8．ministern.部长，大臣；牧师9．user­friendlyadj.方便用户的，便于使用的10．anniversaryn.周年纪念日11．platformn.站台，月台；平台；讲台，舞台[拓展词汇]12．unfortunatelyadv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunatelyadv.(反义词)幸运地→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunen．机会，运气13．unbelievableadj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→unbelievablyadv.好得/坏得令人难以置信14．postponevt.延迟，延期→postponementn．推迟15．ownershipn．所有权，产权→ownvt.拥有→ownern．物主，所有权人16．architectn．建筑师→architecturen．建筑学；结构；建筑风格→architectonicadj.建筑术的n．建筑学；建筑设计17．enlargevt.&vi.扩大，扩展，增大→enlargementn．扩大，扩充，扩展，增大1．pickup去接某人；捡起；无意中学会2．dropoff中途下客或卸货3．ratherthan而不是4．leadto导致；通向35．linkup联合，连接6．at(...)intervals每隔……距离或时间7．acceleratethepaceof加速……的步伐8．setup建立9．functionas...起……作用，作……用10．contributeto有助于1．v.­ing形式作主语However,mosttrainstoLondononlywenttotheoutercitylimits,becausebuildingrailwaytracksintothecitywouldhavedamagedmanyoldbuildings.然而，大多数去伦敦的火车只开到城市的边缘地带，因为在市内铺设铁轨会损坏许多古老的建筑物。2．as引导时间状语从句Asbetterwaysfordiggingtunnelsweredeveloped,thefirstrailwaytunnelundertheRiverThameswasdugin1884.随着挖掘地铁隧道方法的日渐发展，第一条穿过泰晤士河的地铁隧道于1884年竣工。3．名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词引导定语从句Between1918and1938，manynewstationswereconstructed,themostfamousofwhichweredesignedbyanarchitectnamedCharlesHolden.在1918和1938年之间，建立了许多新车站，其中最著名的车站是由一位名叫查尔斯·霍尔登的建筑师设计的。ⅠScanthetextandchoosethebestanswer.1．ThefirstrailwaytunnelundertheRiverThamesinLondonwasbuiltin________．A．1863B．1868C．1884D．19332．Initshistory,theLondonUndergroundhasservedasmanythingsEXCEPT________．A．anairplanefactoryB．abattlefieldC．ameetingroomD．abombshelter3．Theauthorwantsthereaderstobelievethat________．A．theundergroundsystemisoutofdatenowadaysB．theLondonundergroundsystemisstillconsideredtobeimportantnowadays4C．thewaytodigtunnelsisdevelopedquicklyD．theundergroundsystemhassomeunusualuses4．Theauthorwrotethepassageinordertoencouragepeople________．A．todonatetotheundergroundsystemB．toenjoyatripontheundergroundsystemC．towriteanarticleabouttheundergroundsystemD．toremembertheoldestundergroundsystemintheworld答案：1－4.CBBBⅡAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Travellingontheselineswasnotconvenient,though,aseachlinewaspossessedbyadifferentcompany,andmanywereveryfarfromeachother.Travellingontheselines是动词的­ing短语作____________；was是系动词，notconvenient是表语，as引导____________从句eachlinewaspossessedbyadifferentcompany,andmanywereveryfarfromeachother。[尝试翻译]然而搭乘这些线路____________，因为各条线路____________，而且许多线路之间____________。答案：主语；原因状语；并不方便；属于不同的公司；距离甚远2．Havingseenthesituation,awealthyAmericanbusinessman,CharlesYerkes,undertookthejobofimprovingthesystemin1902byobtainingownershipofthemanydifferentlinesandsettinguptheUndergroundElectricRailwaysCompanyofLondon.这是一个____________句。句子主干为：awealthyAmericanbusinessman,CharlesYerkes,undertookthejobofimprovingthesystem。句中byobtainingownershipofthemanydifferentlinesandsettinguptheUndergroundElectricRailwaysCompanyofLondon是介词by＋动名词作方式状语的结构。句中Havingseenthesituation为动词­ing形式的完成式，在句中作____________，它表示该动作先于谓语动词undertook发生。[尝试翻译]见此情形，美国富商查尔斯·耶基斯于1902年________________________，他______________，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。答案：简单；状语；承担起了改善地铁系统的工程；买下了许多不同的地铁线路的所有权5ThefirstundergroundintheworldWelcometo①theLondonUnderground,orasitisusuallyknown②，thetube.Ithasthedistinctionof③beingtheoldestandmostcomplexundergroundsystemintheworld.Rail④servicestoLondonwerefirstdevelopedduringthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.However,mos