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1Unit3Understandingeachother学习语言不仅要学习语言本身，很重要的一个方面是要理解讲这种语言的国家的文化和风俗，那么美国的一些常见的问候方式有哪些呢？让我们了解一下吧！ThecultureofAmericahasbeenshapedbyavarietyofforcesandbytheculturesofagreatmanycountriesandregionsaroundtheworld.WhileAmericaisverydiverse,therearestillsomekeyqualitiessharedbynearlyallAmericans.IfyoufollowthesetipsyoushouldbeabletobetterunderstandAmericansandbetterenjoyyourstayinAmerica.Americansdonotlikepeoplethattheydonotknowbeingtoophysicallyclosetothem.Whenoutinpublicplaces,imaginethatthereisa1to1.5metercircledrawnaroundyouthatfollowsyouwhereveryougo—thatistheminimum(最少的)personalspaceyoushouldgivepeoplearoundyou.Onlyclosefriendsandfamilymembersareallowedtogetcloser.Americansgreeteveryone,evenpeopletheydonotknow.Ifsomeonesays“hello”or“hi”toyou,youareexpectedtoreturnthegreeting.Itisconsideredveryrudeifyoudonotreturnsomeone’sgreeting.Whenyougreetsomeoneformally,extend(伸出)yourhandforahandshake.Donotkisspeople’scheeksortouchcheektocheek.Maintain(保持)reasonablepersonalspaceandshakehandsonly.Ifyoubrieflymeetsomeoneonthestreetwhoyou’vemetmorethanonce,they2mayfollowuptheirgreetingwithaquestionlike：“Howareyou?”or“How’sitgoing？”Whenpeopleaskthistheydonotreallywanttoknowhowyouaredoing,whatyouareexpectedtosayissomethinglike“I’mfine,thanks.”or“I’mgood,howareyou？”AmericanslovetotalkandgenerallyitisOKtotalkeventostrangersaboutnearlyanysubjectatanytimeaslongasyouarepolite.Howevertherearesomesubjects,likeracism,Americanforeignpolicy,gunownership,andreligionthatarebestdiscussedamongfriends.SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[基础词汇]1．hugvt.&vi.&n．拥抱，抱紧2．weddingn.婚礼3．ensurevt.保证，担保，确保4．receptionn.招待会；接待；接受5．prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止6．throughoutprep.&adv.自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处，遍及7．offencen.冒犯；侮辱8．alikeadj.相像，十分相似adv.十分相像地；同样地9．familiaradj.通晓；熟悉[拓展词汇]10．greetvt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greetingn．问候；打招呼11．congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulationn．祝贺；恭喜12．permitvt.&vi.允许，准许n．许可证→permissionn．许可；允许；同意13．adjustvi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节→adjustableadj.可调整的→adjustmentn．调整；调节314．accustomedadj.习惯于；惯常的→accustomvt.使习惯15．celebrationn．庆典；庆祝活动→celebratev．庆祝；庆贺；颂扬1.be__supposed__to__do__sth.应该做某事2.drive__away赶走；离开3.cause__offence冒犯4.adjust__to__doing适应做5.have__trouble/difficulty__(in)__doing__sth.做某事有困难6.get__accustomed__to__doing__sth.习惯于做某事7.be__familiar__with对……熟悉8.gather__around/round聚拢在一起9.be__similar__to与……相似10.do__without没有……也能对付1．what引导表语从句Well,it’swhat__we__do__in__the__West．嗯，我们在西方就是这么做的。2．it作形式主语It’s__rude__not__to__open__a__presentwhensomeonegivesyouone.当有人送你一件礼物时，不打开是不礼貌的。3．v.ing形式作宾语补足语It’squitefunnywatchingthenewforeignteacherstrying__to__adjust__to__doing__that．看新来的外教努力适应那样做很有趣。4．eventhough引导让步状语从句Even__though__we__share__the__same__language—withdifferentaccents,ofcourse—ourcustomsarenotalwaysalike.尽管我们拥有共同的语言——当然有着不同的口音——我们的风俗却不总是相似。4ⅠReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．PeoplefromUKandUSAusuallyhavedifferentattitudestowardsreceivingpresents.B．Inthewest,itisimpolitetoopenapresentwhensomeonegivesyouone.C．InBruneiitispolitetopointtosomeonewithone’sfirstfinger.D．AweddinginKoreaisdifferentfromoneintheUK.2．TheBruneiansintendto________．A．providealcoholandsoftdrinksattheweddingreceptionB．giveguestspresentsasasouvenirC．seethepeople’sreactionwhengivingpresentstothemD．holdanexcitinganduniqueweddingceremony3．Wecaninferfromtheconversationthatweshouldlearnand________whereverwegoinordertoavoidculturalmisunderstanding.A．doaswearetoldtoB．doaswelikeC．doasthelocalpeopledoD．takeoffourshoes4．Fromthepassage,weknowthat________．A．thereisnoculturaldifferencebetweennativeEnglishspeakersB．peoplepointwiththeirfirstfingerinmanycountriesC．inBrunei,atweddingreceptionsmenandwomenmaysitinseparateareasD．peopleinBruneitakeoffshoesbeforegoingoutsideahouse答案：1－4.DDCBⅡAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Waled,whydon’tyoutellherabouttheBritishteacherwhoopenedthepresentassoonashereceiveditattheendoftermceremony?Waled,whydon’tyoutellherabouttheBritishteacher是主干句；whoopenedthepresent是________从句；assoonashereceiveditattheendoftermceremony是____________从句。[尝试翻译]瓦利德，你为什么不给她讲一讲那位英国老师在期末典礼上5______________________________?答案：定语；时间状语；一收到礼物就打开的事呢2．Duringtheceremony,thehenlaidanegg,andeveryonecongratulatedthenewcouplebecauseitwasconsideredverylucky.本句是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句，在第一个分句中，Duringtheceremony是________状语；在第二个分句everyonecongratulatedthenewcouplebecauseitwasconsideredverylucky中，becauseitwasconsideredverylucky是由because引导的____________从句。[尝试翻译]在婚礼期间，那只母鸡下了一只蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，____________________________。答案：时间；原因状语；因为这被认为是非常幸运的CulturaldifferencesMaLi：Hi,everyone.Myname’sMaLi.Ineedsomehelpwithmyhomework—it’saboutculturaldifferences.CanIsitdownandtalktoyou?Waled：Hi,MaLi,I’mWaledfromBrunei①.Peter：AndI’mpeter,fromtheUK.Nicetomeetyou.②MaLi:Nicetomeetyou,too.Canyoutellmeaboutsomeculturaldifferences③youhavefound④？Peter：Waled，whydon’tyou⑤tellherabouttheBritishteacherwhoopenedthepresentassoonashereceivedit⑥attheendofterm⑦ceremony⑧？MaLi:Oh，Ialreadyknowaboutthatone.MyAmericanfriendJackdidthesamething.Peter:Well,it’swhatwedointheWest⑨.It’srudenottoopenaprese