1SectionⅡWelcometotheunit&Reading—LanguagePointsoccupyvt.占领;占用(时间、空间等);忙着,使忙于(教材P22)ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theAnglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.然后,来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。(1)occupysb./oneselfwithsth.=occupysb./oneselfindoingsth.使某人忙于做某事(2)occupiedadj.在使用中的;忙于……的beoccupiedwith/indoingsth.忙于做某事(3)occupationn.工作;职业;使用;占用;占领①Hewouldhaveattendedyourbirthdaypartybutheoccupiedhimselfwithaveryimportantexperiment.他本来想参加你的生日晚会,但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。②Readingoccupies(occupy)mostofmyfreetime.阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。③Sheisfullyoccupiedwithherthreechildren.=Sheisfullyoccupied_inlookingafterherthreechildren.=Sheoccupies_herself_in_lookingafterherthreechildren.她忙于照料她的三个孩子。④Ican’tmeetyouonSunday.I’llbeotherwiseoccupied(occupy).星期天我不能见你。我将忙于其他事情。contributionn.贡献;捐款;投稿(经典例句)Hemadeaverypositivecontributiontothesuccessoftheproject.他对项目的成功贡献良多。(1)makecontributions/acontributionto对……作出贡献(2)contributevi.&vt.贡献;捐献;投稿2contributeto(doing)sth.有助于;促成contribute...to...向……捐献……;向……投稿①Theinventionofpaperwasagreatcontributiontohumancivilization.纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。②Tomakeourcountrystronger,everyoneshouldmakehis/hercontributions(contribute).为了让我们的国家更加强大,每个人都必须作出贡献。③(牛津词典)Thewriterpersonallycontributed£5,000totheearthquakefund.那位作家亲自捐赠了5000英镑给地震基金。④Iamsureyoursuggestionwillcontributetosolving(solve)theproblem.我确信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。[巧学活用]——用contribute的适当形式或短语完成小片段Manypeoplecontributed_money_tothepoorboy,whichcontributed_tohisreturningtoschool.Awriterwrotethisstoryandcontributedittoamagazine.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱,这使他重新回到了校园。一个作家把这个故事写了下来,并给一家杂志投稿。defeatvt.击败;战胜;使落空n.击败,战胜;失败(教材P22)ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrenchspeakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人,他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。①Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewasstillaheadofme.虽然受了伤,但是没有被打垮,他仍然是超越我的。②Asisexpected,ourbaseballteamhassufferedanotherdefeat.正如所预料的一样,我们的棒球队再次失败了。beat可接sb.或team/class/school等作宾语,多指在比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手defeat用法与beat相似,但defeat还可指在战争中“击败”敌军win后接sth.作宾语,如:game/war/prize/love/respect等[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空(1)Theydefeatedtheinvadersbutlostmanymen.(2)Hesoonwonareputationforhimself.3(3)Idon’tdoubtthatwe’llbeat/defeatClass2inthismatch.replacevt.替换,代替,取代;更换;把……放回原处(教材P22)However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons’victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.然而,诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响,那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。(1)replace=taketheplaceof...代替,取代replace...with/by...(用……)替换;(以……)接替(2)replaceableadj.可替换的;可代替的replacementn.替换,替代品,接替者(3)inplaceof代替;取代①Youhavetoreplacethebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave.你离开之前必须把书放回书架上。②Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.我们必须看好自己的财物,如果它丢失了,就是无法取代的。③Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwith/byamodernhotelornot.老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。[巧学活用]——一句多译找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。(1)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamanin_place_of_the_present_manager.(2)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamanto_replace_the_present_manager.(3)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamantotake_the_place_of_the_present_manager.raisevt.养育,培养;举起;增加,提高;筹募;提及(教材P23)Therefore,thewordsweuseformostanimalsraisedforfood,suchascow,sheepandpig,camefromOldEnglish.因此,我们使用的作为食物类饲养的大部分动物的单词,例如:cow(母牛),sheep(绵羊)和pig(猪)等,来自古英语。raisemoney筹钱4raisequestions提问题raisedoubts引起怀疑①RaisedinthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方长大(被养大),他成为一个足球明星的道路漫长而又艰辛。②Lastweekourschoolhadabigfairinordertoraise_moneyforacharity.上周我们学校举行了大型义卖会,为一个慈善机构筹款。③Wemustraisethelivingstandardofpeople.我们必须提高人们的生活水平。④AtthattimeIthoughtIcouldneverraisemyheadagain.那时我想我可能再也抬不起头了。OnMondaymorning,wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflag,andwesawitrisingslowlyinthewind.星期一早上,我们在观看孩子们升国旗,我们看到国旗在风中徐徐升起。raise是及物动词,后面要带宾语,还可表抽象意义,如提高政治觉悟、生活水平、地位等rise为不及物动词,说明主语自身移向较高的位置,通常指日、月、星辰的升起arise产生,发生,出现[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空(1)Weenjoyedthesightonthetopofthehill,withthesunrisingintheeast.(2)I’veneverheardhimevenheraisedhisvoice.(3)Lastyear,theadvertisingrateroseby20%.(4)Wekeeptheminformedofanychangesastheyarise.bemadeupof由……组成(构成)(教材P22)TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythese5peoplebroughttoBritain.英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说语言的语法和词汇构成的。bemadeof由……制成(看得出原材料)bemadefrom由……制成(看不出原材料)bemadein在……(地方)制造bemadeinto制成……bemadeupof由……组成①TheAmericanCongressismadeupoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.美国国会由众议院和参议院组成。②TrulyelegantchopsticksmightbemadeofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。③Wineismadefromgrapesandgrapescanbemadeintowine.葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的,葡萄可制成葡萄酒。makeup还有“编造;凑数;弥补;化妆;准备(床铺等)”含义。Ourclassismadeupoffortystudents.Somegirlsinourclasslikemakingupsomuchthattheyareoftenlateforclasses.Whenourteachersaskthereason,theyusuallymakeupanexcuseforit.我们班由40名学生组成,其中,一些女生很喜欢化妆以至于经常上课迟到。当老师们问到原因时,她们常编造借口应对。consistof由……组成(教材P22)OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.古英语是由他们语言的混合体组成的。consistinsth.在于……consistof(=bemadeupof)由……组成consistwith与……一致①Lifeconsistsof/ismadeupofnotonlysunshinebutalsohardtimes.生活中不仅仅有阳光,还有艰难的日子。②Thebeautyofthepictureconsistsinitsbalanceofcolors.这幅画的美6在于其色彩的调和。③Ther