2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists 1 Section

-1-SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—ComprehendingⅠ阅读理解AGeorgeWashingtonCarverwasbornsometimeintheearly­mid1860s.Asasicklychild,Carverwasunabletoworkinthefields,sohedidgardening.Hewasleftwithmanyfreehourstowalkinthewoods—beginninghiscareerwithnature.Hesoonbecameknownasthe“PlantDoctor”andwouldhelpfriendsandneighborsmanagesickplants.In1890,CarverbegantostudymusicandartatSimpsonCollege.Hisartworkwasonshowatthe1893World’sFair.Paintinggavehimthechancetocombinehistwoloves—artandnature.Yetitwashistalents(天赋)forgardeningthattookhiminanotherdirectionin1891．CarverbecamethefirstAfrican­AmericantoattendwhatistodayIowaStateUniversity.Heprovedtobeafirst­classstudentandupongraduationhebecametheschool’sfirstAfrican­Americanteacher.In1896,hereceivedaninvitationfromTuskegeeNormalandIndustrialSchoolinTuskegee,Alabama.Uponarriving,hefoundthattheschoolwasshortofmoneysoDr.Carverhadtoequiphisownlab.Heandhisstudentswouldsearchtrashheaps(垃圾堆)forthingstouse.ThisprovedthatDr.Carverwaswellaheadofhistime.In1916,hepublishedaresearchreportonpeanuts,whichhelpedmanyfarmersturntopeanutsasacashcropandsavedtheeconomy(经济)oftheSouthwhenitwasdestroyedbythecottoninsects’attack.Carvercontinuedhisresearchwiththepeanut.Hewentontofindmanyusesforthepeanut.Buthedidn’tinventpeanutbutter(花生酱)．Dr.Carver’sresearchearnedhimmuchworldwidepraise.Dr.GeorgeWashingtonCarverdiedonJanuary5,1943,andwasburiedatTuskegee.CarvercontributedhiswholelifesavingstoTuskegee.Uponhisdeath,FranklinD.Rooseveltgavehimthetitle“aninspiringexampletoyoutheverywhere”．【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家GeorgeWashingtonCarver的生平。-2-1．HowwasCarver’schildhood?A．Hedreamedofbeingadoctor.B．Hegrewcropsinthefields.C．Heenjoyedgoodhealth.D．Hetookupgardening.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“hedidgardening”可知，GeorgeWashingtonCarver年少时料理花园。2．HowwasCarver’sperformanceduringhiseducation?A．Bad.B．Strange.C．Ordinary.D．Excellent.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Heprovedtobeafirst­classstudent”可知，GeorgeWashingtonCarver在学校表现出色。3．WhatdoweknowaboutCarver’slifeinTuskegeeNormalandIndustrialSchool?A．Hewaswellpaidbytheschool.B．Hereliedonhimselftobuildhislab.C．Hesavedmoneybypickinguptrash.D．Hepublishedhisfindingsaheadoftime.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Uponarriving,hefoundthattheschoolwasshortofmoneysoDr.Carverhadtoequiphisownlab.”可知，GeorgeWashingtonCarver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。4．WhatcanbelearnedaboutCarver’sreportonpeanuts?A．Itmadeacontributiontotheeconomy.B．Itincludednewfindingsonpeanutbutter.C．Itpreventedpeanutsfrominsects’attack.D．Ithelpedfarmersfindmanyotherusesofpeanuts.A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In1916,hepublishedaresearchreportonpeanuts,whichhelpedmanyfarmersturntopeanutsasacashcropandsavedtheeconomy(经济)oftheSouth”可知，GeorgeWashingtonCarver的研究拯救了当时南方的经济危机。BLiseMeitnerwasborninVienna,AustriaonNovember7,1878.Shewasthethirdchildofeightchildreninthefamily.HerfatherPhilipp,whowasalawyer,hiredpersonalteacherstoteachthechildren,andshelearnedmathematicsverywell.Musicwas-3-importanttothefamily,andallthechildrenlearnedtoplaythepiano.TheMeitnerchildrenweretaughttolistentotheirparents,buttothinkforthemselves.WhenLiseMeitnerfinishedschoolattheageof14,shecouldnotgotocollegeforhighereducation,aswereallgirlsinAustria.But,inspiredbythediscoveryofHenriBecquerel,shewasdeterminedtostudyradioactivity(放射性)．Whensheturned21,womenwerefinallyallowedintoAustrianuniversities.MeitnerwasadmittedintotheUniversityofVienna;thereshewasexcellentatmathandphysicsandearnedherdoctor’sdegreein1906.ShewrotetoMarieCurie,buttherewasnoroomforherintheParislab,soMeitnermadeherwaytoBerlin.TheresheworkedwithOttoHahn,butasanAustrianJewishwoman,shewasexcludedfromthemainlabsandallowedtoworkonlyinthebasement.In1912,thepairmovedtoanewuniversityandMeitnerhadbetterlabequipment.ThoughMeitnerwasforcedtoescapeNaziGermanyin1938,theycontinuedtoco­work.MeitnercontinuedherworkinSwedenandlatertheyfoundthephenomenon“nuclearfission(核裂变)”．Thediscovery,whichfinallyledtotheatomicbomb,wonHahntheNobelPrizein1944.Meitner,ignoredbytheNobelcommittee(委员会),refusedtoreturntoGermanyafterthewarandcontinuedheratomicresearchinStockholmintoher80s.【解题导语】LiseMeitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。5．WhatcanwelearnaboutLiseMeitner’schildhood?A．Shereceivedagoodeducation.B．Sheoftenwentagainstherparents.C．Sheshowedagreattalentformusic.D．Shelivedahardlifewithherfamily.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“HerfatherPhilipp,whowasalawyer,hiredpersonalteacherstoteachthechildren,andshelearnedmathematicsverywell.Musicwasimportanttothefamily,andallthechildrenlearnedtoplaythepiano.”可知，LiseMeitner小时候接受了良好的教育。6．Whydidn’tLiseMeitnergotocollegeafterfinishinghighschool?A．Shewasn’tinterestedincollege.B．Girlsinhercountrywerenotallowed.C．Herfamilycouldn’taffordtheschoolfees.D．Shewantedtostudyradioactivitybyherself.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“WhenLiseMeitnerfinishedschoolatthe-4-ageof14,shecouldnotgotocollegeforhighereducation,aswereallgirlsinAustria.”及第三段第一句可知，LiseMeitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。7．WhatdidLiseMeitnerprobablyrealizewhenworkinginBerlin?A．Shewasunfairlytreatedthere.B．Shemadethewrongcollegechoice.C．Sheshouldhavekeptheridentityasecret.D．SheshouldfindabetterpartnerthanOttoHahn.A解析：推理判断题。根据