-1-专题二短文改错策略综述-2-解题流程1.细读全文,了解全篇首先要细读全文,弄懂全篇的主旨,背景和素材。记住必须做到一句一句地读,在读的过程中可以把初步确定的错误标出来。2.分句阅读,逐句纠错在此过程中,考生一定要细心,要根据上表中的考点方向去发现错误,可以先易后难。3.重读文章,仔细推敲最后要将改正后的短文再仔细阅读一遍,看词法、句法及行文逻辑是否合理恰当,如有不适及时纠正。真题导练A(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I'veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.Theyweretworeasonsforthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.1.形容词different后跟名词的复数形式。故应将job改成jobs。2.系动词look后跟形容词作表语。故应将coolly改成cool。3.“上五年级”有两种表达方式:inthefifthgrade或inGradeFive。故应将five改成fifth。4.此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”。toomuch表示“太多”,而very/somuch表示“非常”,故应将too改成very/so。5.“在高中”的表达应为in/athighschool。故应在high前加in/at。6.reconsidered和decided这两个动作是递进关系,故应将or改为and。7.此处是There_be固定句型。故应将They改为There。8.-ed形容词说明人的感受,意为“感到……的”,-ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,此处说明主语I的感受,故应将amazing改为amazed。9.本句中better本身已经是比较级,前面只需要much来修饰,表示程度,more在本句中为多余成分,故应将其去掉。10.此处是叙述过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。故应将is改为was。B-3-(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindachangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.1.此处特指去的是乡下,故应在countryside前加the。2.根据第一句中的“Duringmylastwinterholiday”可知,时态应用一般过去时。故应将find改成found。3.根据句意“他们住在一个小房子里,院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。”可知,应将another改成other。4.根据句意“去年冬天,我又一次去了那里。”可知,应将here改成there。5.根据前文的“dozensof”可知,其后用名词复数形式。故应将chicken改为chickens。6.此处a_small_pond是先行词,且关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语成分,故应用in_which或where来引导从句。7.介词by后应用动名词形式,故将sell改为selling。8.系动词feel后应用形容词作表语,故将happily改成happy。9.时间名词有every,each,last等词修饰时,其前不用介词。故应去掉for。10.根据语意“我计划每两年回来一次,他同意了。”可知,此处是并列关系,故应将but改成and。-4-C(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.Aroundmeinpicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatemusicalbums.Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.1.realize是及物动词,故应去掉of。2.由时间状语“inthepastfewyears”可知,此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响,因此应用现在完成时。故将had改为have。3.notonly...but_also...“不但……而且……”,为固定搭配。故将and改为but。4.photo与take之间为被动关系,故应用被动语态。故将took改为taken。5.“我”进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员这一系列动作发生在过去,所以应将become改为became。6.上文已提到过这张照片,因此要用the表特指,或者用this。故在picture前加这个词。7.things后为定语从句,修饰先行词things,且关系词在从句中作主语成分,所以应用关系代词来引导从句。故将they改为that/which。8.名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰,故应将difference改为different。9.此处表示收集“最新”的音乐专辑,故将late改为latest。10.全文以第一人称介绍了作者的故事,故应将your改为my。第1讲词法类词法类错误在短文改错中所占比例很大,我们建议考生在解题流程的第1、2步中去解决此类问题,对于此类错误,考生要学会分析句子成分,注意平时积累,强化语言基础。-5-考点1动词类错误1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.答案say→saying2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.答案required→requires3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoon,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.答案watching→watch;去掉let前的to4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.答案goes→went5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.答案chose→choose-6-1.辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词,且另一动词不作并列谓语,则只能用非谓语动词。2.识别时态不一致文章前后是现在时但却用了过去时,或前后都是过去时却用了现在时,导致时态不一致。在平行或并列结构中,动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and,or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列,一定要理解,辨别清楚。3.留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形,变成了被动语态。4.注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式,谓语却采取复数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语却采取单数形式,导致主谓不一致的情况。5.牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形,但却用了过去式或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。6.对于非谓语动词(1)理清to的两种命题方式①多余:感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。②缺失:有些动词,如want,decide,plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。(2)搞清动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的区别动词-ing形式表主动、进行;动词-ed形式表被动、完成;动词-ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人……的”,常修饰物;而动词-ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到……的”,常修饰人。考点2名词类错误1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.答案city→cities2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle,Friday'snightwasourfamilygamenight.答案Friday's→Friday3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.答案informations→information4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.答案honest→honesty(1)熟知单复数使用情况:①单数概念和不可数名词用单数;②表示-7-复数意义的可数名词用复数。(2)牢记常见的不可数名词。(3)三类词后常用名词:①冠词后;②介词后;③形容词性物主代词后。考点3形容词和副词类错误1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.答案hardly→hard2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.答案ordinarily→ordinary3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.答案Immediate→Immediately4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.答案worse→worst1.明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,在句中作状语。2.理清比较级、最高